Geography Final

Front 1

site where midnight of PCB was happening that began environmental justice movement in 1978.

Back 1

Warren County, NC

Front 2

blacks and other minorities are the people that usually are exposed ti environmental risks because whites control where it goes.

Back 2

Environmental Racism

Front 3

The idea that we do not wan toxic plants and dumps near us and therefore should put them else where. Not In My Backyard leads to Put in Blacks Backyards

Back 3

NIMBY; PIBBY

Front 4

formal or informal sending of toxic waste to developing 3rd world countries. It is environmental racism on a global scale.

Back 4

Toxic Colonialism

Front 5

discovers racism in Houston incinerator site in the 1980s. He is the Father of Environmental Justice

Back 5

Robert Bullard

Front 6

1. Planning agencies we 9% white men over 40
2. limited housing options for blacks
3. Racism - 1987 UCC Report on Toxic Waste highlights race being main factor for finding a dumping site.
4. "Elite" white environmental movement ignored urban/ inner city issues
5. "job blackmail"

Back 6

Factors leading to environmental injustices

Front 7

the choice of "do you want a job?" or "do you want to be protected from the environment

Back 7

Job Blackmail

Front 8

1. health is a right, not a privilage 2. prevent pollution, not just see how much we can tolerate (precautionary principle) 3. reduce disproportionate impacts, so amend the clean air and water acts cause different areas are impacted more 4. burden of proof on polluters 5. reparations for damages made in the past

Back 8

Environmental Justice Framework

Front 9

try to prevent pollution and not just see how much we can tolerate

Back 9

Precautionary Principle

Front 10

1994. indentify injustices, anticipate problems and increase participation. It was not as effective has hoped

Back 10

1994 Clinton Executive Order on Environmental Justice

Front 11

a symbol of the United States environmental value. can be considered America's get rich quick wild frontier or America's Inhabited Wilderness.

Back 11

Alaska

Front 12

wilderness society's co-founder that suggested all of Alaska north of the Artic circle should be protected as wilderness area

Back 12

Robert Marshall

Front 13

created in 1907; in the 1950s two pulp mills opened up and turned the forest into newspaper (70% was logged) ; trees were sold for below cost sales

Back 13

Tongass National Forest

Front 14

oil discovered in Prudhoe Bay in 1968 and pipeline was completed in 1977. roduction began declining in 1988 and 93% of the oil is now gone

Back 14

Trans-Alaska Pipeline

Front 15

March 24 1989; 100,000 miles of beach were covered with oil. 1000s of animals were killed, clean up did even more damage and it poisoned traditional resources (which changed Native people's lives)

Back 15

Exxon Oil Spill 1989

Front 16

1971. land settlement was needed before Alaska pipeline became possible; created 13 regional native corporations to oversee transferred land; native people recieve 44 million acres and money but we never allowed to claim any other land ever again. natives did not benefit because the valuable resources are near the ocean not in the land. Also nobody after this act was passed had a say in anything

Back 16

Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act 1971

Front 17

help develop the north slope of alaska; was part of Operation plowshare; peaceful uses of nuclear energy, stopped by only a few people who realized blowing up Alaska to create 2 harbors was a bad idea.

Back 17

Project Chariot 1950s

Front 18

passed in final days of Caters administration and created 15 new national park areas (protected 80 million acres)

Back 18

Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act 1980

Front 19

7 billion barrels of oil but remain intact. it is protected and symbolic of US govt commitment to not exploit all of Alaska's resources

Back 19

Arctic National Wildlife Refuge

Front 20

were almost wiped out but they have rebounded amazingly. They are abundant and thrive in Alaska more than anywhere else

Back 20

Sea Otters

Front 21

80% are from Alaska. They have certified "sustainable" fisheries because they are managed so well

Back 21

Alaska Salmon Fishery

Front 22

1896 he did an experiment revealing the greenhouse effect, it estimated doubling of carbon dioxide would raise average temperature . he basically discovered global warming

Back 22

Svante Arrhenius (1896)

Front 23

top 20 oil field we all discovered between 1917-1979. most easily recovered oil is already pumped. peak production is here and is no longer expanding which means not all people that want oil will get it

Back 23

Peak Oil

Front 24

supply of food is tightening, demanding growing and 70 million to world population annually

Back 24

Food Insecurity

Front 25

states fail when govts lose control of part or ll of their territory and can no longer ensure their people's security. caused by rapid population growth, resource depletion and political stressors

Back 25

Failing states

Front 26

universal primary education, eradication of adult literacy

Back 26

stabilizing population

Front 27

basic healthcare, educate people and make sure they can feed themselves

Back 27

Eradicating poverty

Front 28

building with better insulation and more efficient appliances, switch the lightbulbs, industry and transportation (reconstruct our lives according to transporting)

Back 28

Efficiency

Front 29

run primarily on emission- free electricity generated by wind and sun

Back 29

Plug - In Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs)

Front 30

wind, solar, geothermal, and other (small scale hybrid, etc ..)

Back 30

Renewable Fuels

Front 31

ending deforestation and planting trees will reduce CO2

Back 31

Reforestation

Front 32

putting a price on carbon

Back 32

Carbon Tax

Front 33

secure the rights and freedoms f individual citizens (protection and law), promote and maintain the economy, pursue development, life liberty and the pursuit of happiness

Back 33

role of government

Front 34

a basic measure of a county's overall economic input. the more transactions money has the better

Back 34

gross domestic Index

Front 35

devloped by the United Nations in 1990s to better approach development. three demisions = life expectance, education and standard of living (per capita GDP). The UN wanted to shift focus from money centered politics to people centered politics.

Back 35

Human development index

Front 36

measures what really matters to people. measures income distribution, non-monetary labor (housework, higher education) crime, resource depletion, pollution environmental damage, leisure time, public infrastructure, etc...

Back 36

Genuine progress Indicator and other development metrics

Front 37

the ship that carried trash on a journey to south florida. it traveled around the globe to try to find a place to dump the waste.

Back 37

Khian Sea (1986)

Front 38

surveyed the same data as Robert Bullard. went to highly toxic places and came to the conclusion that race was strongly correlated with the site choice

Back 38

United Church of Christ Toxic Waste Report (1987)

Front 39

Montreal Protocol (1987)

Back 39

In 1987 the ozone hole was discovered so this banned ozone depleting substances

Front 40

stabilize population, eradicating poverty, restoring earth's natural support systems (protect/restore forests, soils, biodiversity, etc), stabilize climate (cut CO2 emissions by 80%)

Back 40

4 Main Goals of Lester Browns Plan B

Front 41

it helps cows lactation last longer, which increases milk production

Back 41

RbGH/Monsanto

Front 42

brought organic to the masses. it is expensive with not much of a taste difference. no growth hormones, most synthetic, fertilizers/pesticides banned, must be certified by USDA

Back 42

Organic Valley

Front 43

farmers sell shares of their farms to consumers at the beginning of the growing season. each week the consumer receives a box of crops from the farmer. when the farm succeeds the consumers benefit and when the farm has a bad year the consumers take some of the burden.

Back 43

Community- supported agriculture