Geography Exam 2

Front 1

Which regions is a textbook case of the demographic transition?

Back 1

Middle and South America

Front 2

What did the Iberians introduce to the defenseless population of Middle and South America?

Back 2

Crowd Diseases

- Influenza
- Small Pox
- Measles

Front 3

What did African Slaves introduce in Middle and South America?

Back 3

Tropical Crowd Diseases

- Malaria
- Dengue
- Yellow Fever

Front 4

How does Middle and South America compare with other "developing" regions regarding education, urbanization, and industrialization?

Back 4

- Education: Primary school coverage high

- Urbanization: About 75%

- Industrialization: High levels

Front 5

Define Political Economy.

Back 5

The production, distribution, and consumption, of goods and services.

Front 6

Describe the politics and economics history in Middle and South America. Name a possible solution for these.

Back 6

- Politically: Swings between repressive and populist states

- Economically: Periodic crisis

- Solution: Regional unity

Front 7

What two things were traded with Middle and South America and Europe?

Back 7

Gold, then silver

Front 8

Middle and South America was in turmoil until what time period?

Back 8

Mid-1800s

Front 9

What were the results of Middle and South America's Great Depression?

Back 9

- Overseas demand plummeted
- Unemployment and social unrest

Front 10

What made Latin America vulnerable to Depression? What is a possible solution to this?

Back 10

Latin America's dependence on foreign capital leaves them vulnerable

- Solution: Become economically dependent.

Front 11

Describe Import Substitution Industrialization. Where does it work best?

Back 11

Manufacture at home what used to be imported.

- Worked best in countries with large domestic markets: Brazil, Mexico, and Argentina.

- Was not an efficient route to economic independence or growth.

Front 12

How was foreign debt used in Middle and South America?

Back 12

- Finance industrial growth.
- Buy weapons.
- Line the pockets of the rich.
- Oil purchases, after 1973-'74.

Front 13

What caused the countries in Middle and South America to be on the verge of bankruptcy?

Back 13

World interest rates rose and the payments could not be met.

- IMF: Economic reforms to transition toward export-led growth.

Front 14

Describe the population and region of South Asia.

Back 14

- Population: densely populated, countries in this region are in end Stage II or early Stage III of demographic transition.

- Region is largely rural, only 22% of residents live in cities.

Front 15

What is the cultural hearth of South Asia?

Back 15

Indus River Valley

- Birthplace of Hinduism.

Front 16

What part of South Asia was considered the "jewel of the crown" of Imperial Britain?

Back 16

India

Front 17

What made South Asia so wealthy?

Back 17

Spices, textiles, opium, and tea.

Front 18

The boundaries of South Asia are defined by what kind of physical features?

Back 18

- South: Oceans
- West: Deserts and uplands

Front 19

Name the three sub-regions of South Asia.

Back 19

1. India
- The dominant country is this region.
2. Bangladesh and Pakistan
- Muslim religion unites these two countries.
3. Northern Mountain Rim and Southern Island Nation
- Physical geography defines.

Front 20

What is South Asia's global challenge?

Back 20

The Techno Divide
- On one hand, India is very linked into global technology through outsourcing. On the other hand, most Indians do not have access to this technology.

Front 21

Name three technological products that are cheap in India.

Back 21

1. Laptops
2. Cars
3. Cell phones

Front 22

Describe the region in North Africa and Southwest Asia.

Back 22

Region is two times as large as the U.S. area-wise.

- Most of it is desert.

Front 23

What is the population of North Africa and Southwest Asia centered around?

Back 23

- Surface waters
- Uplands
- Coasts

Front 24

Why are North Africa and Southwest Asia the fastest growing region?

Back 24

High birth rates

Front 25

Describe the quality of life in North Africa and Southwest Asia.

Back 25

On average, the region is in "the middle".

- But region with the largest gap between rich and poor countries.

Front 26

Name the two main cultural hearths of North Africa and Southwest Asia.

Back 26

- Tigris Euphrates
- Nile

Front 27

Name the three great Monotheism religions from North Africa and Southwest Asia.

Back 27

1. Judaism
2. Christianity
3. Islam

Front 28

Define choke point.

Back 28

A focuses geographic area that is important for transit and whose control can give great power.

Front 29

What caused a lot of in-migration to North Africa and Southwest Asia?

Back 29

Oil producing Arabian peninsula nation with small populations imports workers from South and Southeast Asia.

Front 30

What is the global challenge for North Africa and Southwest Asia?

Back 30

Growth in a resource-challenged region.

- Water
- Oil

Front 31

Name the two main cultural hearths of North Africa and Southwest Asia.

Back 31

- Tigris Euphrates
- Nile

Front 32

Name the three great Monotheism religions from North Africa and Southwest Asia.

Back 32

1. Judaism
2. Christianity
3. Islam

Front 33

Define choke point.

Back 33

A focuses geographic area that is important for transit and whose control can give great power.

Front 34

What caused a lot of in-migration to North Africa and Southwest Asia?

Back 34

Oil producing Arabian peninsula nation with small populations imports workers from South and Southeast Asia.

Front 35

What is the global challenge for North Africa and Southwest Asia?

Back 35

Growth in a resource-challenged region.

- Water: Human survival
- Oil: Exports revenue

Front 36

The major reserves of oil are located where in North Africa and Southwest Asia?

Back 36

Arab/Persian Gulf, Libya, and Algeria

Front 37

Name the three major users of freshwater in Middle and Southwest Asia.

Back 37

1. Households
2. Industry
3. Agriculture

Front 38

Name the two subdivisions that are based on physical geography in Southeast Asia.

Back 38

1. Peninsula: Indochina
2. Islands: Indonesia, Philippines, part of Malaysia

Front 39

Where does the population cluster around in Southeast Asia?

Back 39

Around coasts and rivers.

- Java

Front 40

What was the cause of high levels of contacts in Southeast Asia?

Back 40

Oceans

- Trade
- Religion

Front 41

How is ethnicity determined in in Cambodia?

Back 41

Ethnicity is based on religion and common language.

Front 42

What does Khmer Rouge mean?

Back 42

Red Khmer
- Communist

Front 43

Who was the leader of the Khmer Rouge? How did he purify Cambodian society?

Back 43

- Classless society of peasants.
- Forced people out of cities.
- Executed intellectuals, professionals, former government officials, monks.
- No Western medicine, organized religion, or family contact.

Front 44

Where did the Khmer Rouge take people to get killed?

Back 44

Killing Fields
- 1.5-3 million people killed

Front 45

Name the two companies of Southeast Asia that were motivated by profit.

Back 45

1. Dutch East India Company: Indonesia

2. British East India Company: Malaysia

Front 46

Describe the quality of life in Southeast Asia in one word.

Back 46

Uneven

Front 47

Describe the development in Southeast Asia.

Back 47

- Export oriented
- Low cost labor
- Feminized work force
- Light manufacturing

Front 48

Name the two types of tourism in Southeast Asia that is the fastest growing.

Back 48

1. Sex tourism
2. Cultural tourism