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65 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
the study of spatial variation, of how and why things from place to place on the surface of the earth
geography
the study of how obersvable spatial patterns evolved through time
geography
a spatial science
geography
geography's literal meaning is what?
description of the earth
who was the first to actively explore geography as a science?
Greeks
what is geography's greek meaning?
geo- the earth
grapheim- to write
who devoted much of his work to the study of geography to better understand the Persian war?
herodotus
Who devised the grid system that measures parallels and meridians?
Romans and Greeks
who added new techniques to mapping?
Romans
During the ____ all of the gegraphical work by the greeks and romans were lost, except by the ____.
middle or dark ages (5th to 14th century);
arabs
what are some sciences that have been developed with modern geography?
botany, geology, zoology, climatology
by the end of the 19th century we see the emergance of specialized subfields such as what?
regional, systematic, physical, and human
type of geography that studies human-environmental relationships and spatial systems with specific and locational settings
regional geography
type of geography that is more broad than systematic geography
regional geography
type of geography that is conserned with individual physical and cultural elements of the earth
systematic geography
type of geography that directs its attention to the natural environmental side of geography
physical geography
type of geography that conserns are with landforms, atmospheric conditions, climatic patterns, soils, vegetation, etc.
physical geography
type of geography that emphasis is on people
human geography
what are the 6 observational concepts?
1. places have location, directions, and distances with respect to other places
2. scale
3. physical and cultural attributes of a place
4. attributes of a place are always changing
5.interrelations between places
6. connectivity
starting point for all geographical study
location
the identification of a place by some precise and accepted system of coordinance
absolute location
what is absolute location sometimes called?
mathimatical location
the position of a place or thing in relation to that of other places or things
relative locations
what is an example of absolute location?
latitude and longitude
what is an example of relative locations?
landmarks
what is the absolute location concept?
site
what is the relative location concept?
situation
refers to the physical and cultural characteristics of the place itself, and tells about the internal features of that place
site
refers to the external locations, relative because if refers to items of signifcance to the place in question
situation
based on the cardinal points on N, S, E, W
absolute direction
directional references that are culturally based and locationally variable (ex. Middle East)
relative direction
refers to the spatial separation between two points on the eaths surface measured by some accepted standare of unit such as km, mi, ft, m
absolute distance
transforms those linear measurements into othet units; more meaniful for the space relationship at question (ex. time)
relative distance
the size of the unit study
scale
natural landscape
physical attributes
the visible imprint of human activity
cultural attributes
a basic law of geography in a spatial sence, everything is related to everything else, but that relationships are stronger when things are near one another
spatial interation (interrelations between places)
implies all the tangable and intangable in which places are connective
connectivity
what are some examples of connectivity?
telephone lines, internet, roads
a number of imaginary lines that are drawen around the globe parallel to the equator
parallels of latitude
imaginary lines that are drawen from pole to pole
meridians of longitude
together the lines of latitude and longitude that allows us to fine and name any point on the globe
geographic grids
the equator has a degree of what?
0*
in the latitude lines, other than the equator, the lines are from
1*N - 90*N and 1*S - 90*S
the international dateline is at a degree of what?
180*
the prime meridian is at a degree of what?1*
0*
in the longitude lines, other than the international dateline and the prime meridian, the lines are from
1*W - 180*W and 1*E - 180*E
what is the starting point for longitude measurement?
prime meridian
an imaginary line passing through the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, England
prime meridian
what is the center of the time zone system?
prime meridian
time is based on ____.
longitude
the earth is divided into ___ time zones centered on meridians at ___ * intervals
24 zones; 15* intervals
each 15* interval between meridians is equal to __ hours
1 hour
the date in determined by ____.
international dateline
an imaginary line that is internationally agreed on the generally fllows the 180* meridian
international dateline
____ is where the day begins.

go west you ___ a day
go east you ___ a day
international dateline;
W- advance a day
E- lose a day
what the shape of the international dateline?
its crooked
what is aerial photography used for? (6)
1. forestry
2. agriculture and landuse
3. urban planning
4. flood assessments
5. water resourse management
6. polution ditection
what does GIS stand for?
Geographic information system
a computer based set of procedures for assembling, storing, manipulation, analyzing and displaying geographically reference information
GIS
what are the 4 components of a GIS system?
1. data input which converts maps and other data into somputer readable form
2. component that allows you to store and retrieve data.
3. compnent that allows you to used information from different sources at the same time
4. data analysis function
what does GPS stand for?
Global Positioning System
make use of satilites to determine location
GPS
GPS was developed by the ____ for ___ purposes.
Department of Defense; military purposes
GPS is now used for _____.
recreational purposes