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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Longshore drift |
The transport of sand and pebbles along the coast by waves, in an zigzags pattern because of the swash and backwash. |
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Swash |
The movement that carries material up the beach in an oblique (skrå) angle |
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Backwash |
The movement that carries material back towards the sea in a right angel |
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Destructive waves |
A wave with a strong backwash and a weak swash. High in proportion to their length and are frequent - 11-15 pr. minute. Normal in uneasy weather and when the fetch is long |
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Constructive waves |
A wave that deposit material along the coast. The swash is stronger than the backwash. They are long in relation to their height and they are not so frequent - 6-9 pr. minute. Normal when the sea is calm. |
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Fetch |
Distance a wave has travel over water |
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Hydraulic power |
A process of erosion where the force of water brakes rock particles away for the rock. It is the impact of the water against the coastline which is greater in storm conditions and air is compressed in crack and the pressure makes rock break loose. |
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Abrasion |
A process of erosion where waves throw sand and pebbles against the rock face. This scrape and rub against the rock and make pieces of rock break loose. Most erosion happen by this type. |
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Attrition |
A process of erosion where particles are reduced in size as they collided with the rock face and on another. They have rounded of edges as they rub together and some are broken down into sand-sized particles. |
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Solution |
A process of erosion where some type of rock dissolves in water. E.g. calk and limestone. |
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Saltation |
A movement of eroded material where pebble-sized (medium) particles are bounced along the bottom of the sea by the force of the water. |
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Mechanical weathering |
When rock is broken down without changing its chemical composition. For example when the temperature is below 0 C and water gets into crack in the rock. when the water freezes it expands and puts put pressure on the rock and break of |
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Chemical weathering |
When rocks is broken down by chemicals like carbon dioxide. This happens in warm and wet conditions and are also called Carbonation weathering. |
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mass movement |
When material shifts down a slope as One. It slides in a straight line or it Slumps with a rotation. It happen when the material (fx Sand) is full of water. |
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Headlands |
The stronger rocks that can resist wave attack longer and consequently stand out as prominent rock |
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Splits |
A long and narrow ridge of sand or shingle. It is formed by long shore drift that transport sand and shingle and deposit it. Over time this will form a split. |
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Bars |
A bar is formed when two headlands are joined together. A lagoon is formed behind the bar. |
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Caves |
When a weakness in a rock break down at the bottom of the rock. |
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Arches |
Then a cave break down to the other side of a rock. |
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Stacks |
Then a arches collapses and become a standalone rock. |
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Hard engineering |
Protection of the coast by sea walls and groynes alters the appearance of a landscape but lasts for a long period of time. |
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soft engineering |
another management stradegy but doesnt alter the appearance of the landscape is often less expensive but doesnt last as long. Protection of the coast by plants (marsh) and by sand dunes or shingle form elsewhere |
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Managed retreat |
Coast management by doing nothing and allow the present coastline to change |
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Deposition |
When erode material is drop along the coast. |
