Geography Chapter 5

Front 1

hydrologic cycle

Back 1

perennial movement of water in its three phases between the atmosphere, earth's surface and ground water

Front 2

evaporation

Back 2

change in phase of liquid water to water vapor

Front 3

condensation

Back 3

change from vapor to liquid phase

Front 4

saturation

Back 4

maximum amount of water that can exist in atmosphere as a vapor
occurs when over a flat surface of pure water
evaporation rate= condensation rate

Front 5

sublimination

Back 5

change from a solid to a vapor without havin to pass through the liquid phase

Front 6

deposition

Back 6

change from vapor phase to solid phase

Front 7

humidity

Back 7

expression of amounty of water vapor in the air

Front 8

vapor pressure

Back 8

measure of atmospheric moisture
partial pressure exerted by water vapor

Front 9

saturation vapor pressure

Back 9

vapor pressure of thee atmosphere when it is saturated

Front 10

absolute humidity

Back 10

mass of water vapor per unit volume of air, usually expressed in grams

Front 11

specific heat

Back 11

amount of energy required to raise temperature of a given mass of a substance by a given amount

Front 12

specific humidity

Back 12

measure of atmospheric moisture
mass of water vapor per unit mass of air, usually expressed in grams per kilogram

Front 13

saturation mixing ration

Back 13

mixing ratio of the atmosphere when it is saturated

Front 14

saturation specific humidity

Back 14

specific humidity of the atmosphere when it is saturated

Front 15

relative humidity

Back 15

amount of water vapor in the air as a fraction of saturation, expressed as a percentage

Front 16

dew point temperature

Back 16

temperature at which saturation occurs

Front 17

frost point

Back 17

coating of ice crystals on a surface when the air adjacent to the surface becomes saturated at temperatures below 0

Front 18

precipitation fog

Back 18

a type of fog that develops when falling raindrops evaporate enough water vapor into the air to saturate it

Front 19

steam fog

Back 19

fog that forms when cold air moves over a warmer water surface

Front 20

homogenous nucleation

Back 20

the condensation of water droplets or deposition of ice crystals without condensation or ice nuclei

Front 21

heterogenous nucleation

Back 21

condensation of liquid droplets or the deposition of ice crystals onto condensation or ice nuclei

Front 22

condensation nuclei

Back 22

small, airborne particles that enhance condensation, without condensation nuclei

Front 23

haze

Back 23

large aerosols generally more effective than smaller ones, can attract water at relative humidities less than 90%

Front 24

ice nucleus

Back 24

particles onto which ice crystals can form when the air becomes saturated, in abscence of freezing nuclei water droplets freeze only at very low temps

Front 25

sling psychrometer

Back 25

most widely used instrument for measuring humidity
pair of thermometers, one of which has a cotton wick around the bulb that is saturated with water

Front 26

wet bulb thermometer

Back 26

thermometer pivoting that allows it to be circulated through the surrounding air

Front 27

aspirated psychrometer

Back 27

psychrometer that does not need to be swung, fans equipped circulate air across bulbs of two thermometers

Front 28

hair hygrometer

Back 28

basic part is a band of human hair and expands and contracts in response to the relative humidity

Front 29

hygrothermograph

Back 29

an instrument that records temperature and humidity

Front 30

heat index

Back 30

measure of apparent temperature used for warm conditions, incorporating temperature and humidity

Front 31

apparent temperature

Back 31

high humidity and high temperatures, can often change perception of weather, referred to as apparent temperature

Front 32

diabatic process

Back 32

processes that involve the addition or removal of heat
for example, air in contact with a cold surface loses heat via conduction

Front 33

second law of thermodynamics

Back 33

dictates that energy moves from regions of higher to lower temps, which is in accordance with direction of heat transfer

Front 34

adiabatic

Back 34

term for process where no heat is added or removed

Front 35

first law of thermodynamics

Back 35

states that when heat is added there will be some combination of an expansion of the gas and in increase in its temperature

Front 36

dry adiabatic lapse rate

Back 36

temp decrease experienced by a rising UNSATURATED parcel

Front 37

lifting condensation level

Back 37

altitude to which an air parcel would need to be lifted for condensation to occur

Front 38

saturation adiabatic lapse rate

Back 38

rate of temperature decrease for a rising saturated parcel of air

Front 39

environmental lapse rate

Back 39

rate of vertical temperature decrease in the air column

Front 40

dew

Back 40

liquid condensation on a surface,often occurring during the early morning hours

Front 41

frost

Back 41

similar to formation of dew: liquid condensation on a surface,often occurring during the early morning hours, but includes saturation

Front 42

white frost

Back 42

transformation of water vapor directly into ice

Front 43

frozen dew

Back 43

begins when saturation forms liquid dew, liquid solidifies into a thin, continuous layer of ice

Front 44

radiation fog

Back 44

nighttime loss of longwave radiation causes cooling to the dew point

Front 45

advection fog

Back 45

form when relatively warm, moist air moves horizontally over a cooler surface

Front 46

upslope fog

Back 46

formed by adiabatic cooling of air, air rises over high plains

Front 47

dew point lapse rate

Back 47

dew point lapse rate dew point decreases as air rises at the rate of about 1.1 degrees faihrenheit per 1000 feet

Front 48

sublimation

Back 48

transition of phase of an object from solid to a gas

Front 49

three ways in which the air becomes saturated

Back 49

1. Evaporate water into it: numerator rises until
RH = 100%
- bathroom shower; evaporating rain; lake evaporation
2.Cool the air until it reaches dew point (lower
the RH denominator) dew formation at night, frost, etc
3. Mixing: mixing of dry and humid air together