Geography Ch 1 & 2

Front 1

absolute direction

Back 1

direction with respect to cardinal east, west, north, and south reference points

Front 2

absolute distance

Back 2

the spatial separation between two points on the earth's surface measured by an accepted standard unit

Front 3

absolute location

Back 3

identification of a place by a precise and accepted system of coordinates (sometimes called mathematical location)

Front 4

relative direction

Back 4

directional references which are culturally based and locationally variable

Front 5

relative distance

Back 5

a measurement which transforms absolute distance into units more meaningful for the space relationship in question

Front 6

relative location

Back 6

the position of a place or thing in relation to other places or things

Front 7

accessibility

Back 7

the relative ease with which a destination may be reached from other locations; the relative opportunity for spatial interaction (May be measure in geometric, social, or economic terms)

Front 8

connectivity

Back 8

the directness of routes linking pairs of places; all of the tangible and intangible means of connection and communication between places

Front 9

cultural landscape

Back 9

the natural landscape as modified by human activities and bearing the imprint of a culture group or society; the built environment

Front 10

formal region

Back 10

a region distinguished by uniformity of one or more characteristics that can serve as the basis for an areal generalization and of contrast with adjacent areas

Front 11

functional region

Back 11

a region differentiated by what occurs within it rather than by a homogeneity of physical or cultural phenomena; an earth area recognized as an operational unit based on defined organizational criteria

Front 12

globalization

Back 12

teh increasing interconnection of all parts of the world as the full range of social, cultural, political, economic, and environmental processes and patterns of change becomes international in scale and effect

Front 13

spatial diffusion

Back 13

the outward spread of a substance, a concept, a practice or a population from its point of origin to other areas

Front 14

site

Back 14

the place wehre something is located; the immediate surroundings and their attributes

Front 15

situation

Back 15

the location of something in relation to the physical and human characteristics of a larger region

Front 16

area cartogram

Back 16

a type of map in which the areas of the units are proportional to the data they represent; value-by-area map

Front 17

latitude

Back 17

the angular distance north or south of the equator, measured in degrees ranging from 0 degrees (the equator) to 90 degrees (the North and South poles)

Front 18

longitude

Back 18

the angular distance east or west of the prime meridian, measured in degrees ranging from 0 degrees to 180 degrees

Front 19

international date line

Back 19

by international agreement, the designated line where each new day begins; generally following the 180th meridian

Front 20

prime meridian

Back 20

an imaginary line passing through the Royal Observatory at Greenwich, England, serving by agreement as the zero degree line of longitude

Front 21

azimuthal projection

Back 21

a map projection based on the projection of teh globe grid onto a plae as teh presumed developable surface (aka planar projection)

Front 22

choropleth map

Back 22

a map that depicts quantities for areal units by varying pattern and/or color

Front 23

conformal projection

Back 23

a map projection on which the shapes of small areas are accurately portrayed

Front 24

equal-area projection
aka
equivalent projection

Back 24

a map projection on which the areas of regions are represented in correct or constant proportions to earth reality

Front 25

equidistant projection

Back 25

a map projection on which ture distances in all directions can be measured from one or two central points

Front 26

flow-line map

Back 26

a map used to portray linear movement between places; may be qualitative or quantitative

Front 27

Global Positioning System (GPS)

Back 27

a method of using satellite observations for the determination of exteremely accurate locational information

Front 28

globe properties

Back 28

the characteristics of the grid systemof longitude and latitude on a globe

Front 29

isoline

Back 29

a map line connecting points of equal value, such as a contour line or an isobar

Front 30

scale

Back 30

in cartography, the ratio between length or size of an area on a map and the actual length or size of that same area on the earth's surface; map scale may be represented verbally, graphically, or as a fraction. In more general terms, scale refers to the size of teh area studies, from local to global

Front 31

topographic maps

Back 31

a map that portrays teh shape and elevation of the terrain, often in great detail