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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Mediterranean type climates
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- 30-45 latitude
- cool, wet winters and warm, dry summers (plants must adjust physiologically) - on West side of continents - dominated by sclerophyllous shrubs -variety of soils -herb layer is present (except in CA) |
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Sclerophyllous
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tough, leathery leaves
-deep-rooted - fire-prone -evergreen shrubs |
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Mediterranean type climates: Europe, N. Africa: 2 Associations
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1. Maquis: higher elevation, silica soil, shrubby oaks, olives, carob
2. Garrique: lower elevation, similar species, shrubs and herbs, mint family, limestone substrate, *largely displaced by humans* |
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Mediterranean type climates: Australia
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Mallee Scrub
- shrubby Eucalyptus - rich floristically (lots of endemics) -oligotrophic (low nutrient) soil |
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Mediterranean type climates: S. Africa
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Fynbos
- rich floristically ( well-developed herb layer) - lots of endemics - oligotrophic soil - problem with invasive plants |
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Mediterranean type climates: Chilean
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Mattoral
- herb layer -lots of invasives - some genera in coomon w/ CA - *heavily displaced and disturbed*(agriculture, grazing) - **not fire-prone = no adaptations to fire** |
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Mediterranean type climates: Alta and Baja California
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Chaparral
- evergreen, small-leaved shrubs -deep-root systems -lacking an herb layer (low-light avail) -*lowest species richness of all scler. shrublands* - 2 main spec: Arctostaphylos, Ceanothus - poorly developed soil - **Fire-prone** |
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Soft-leaved shrubland
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- drought-deciduous subshrubs
- discontinuous cover - higher transpiration rates - shallow rooted -discontinuous herb layer -*more diverse* (than scler.) - soils are finer textured - resprout or arise from seeds after a fire |
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Soft-leaved shrubland: Southern CA
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Coastal Sage Scrub
- lower elevation, coastal - baja CA north to SF |
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Soft-leaved shrubland: Managment
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- *natural habitat to a huge number of rare and endangered plant and animal species*
- loss of CSS: displaced by humans, urbanization, agriculture |
