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100 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Comparison of adiabatic and environmental lapse rate
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STABILITY
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When the parcel rises, the stability is ___
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UNSTABLE
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When the parcel sinks, the stability is
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STABLE
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When the environmental lapse rate is LARGE than adiabatic
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UNSTABLE
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environmental lapse rate less than adiabatic
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STABLE
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In unstable, surrounding air cools faster/slower than parcel of rising air
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FASTER
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In stable, parcel of rising air cools faster/slower than surrounding air and cold air is above/beaneath warm air
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FASTER/BENEATH
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Condensation and clouds means a ____ adiabatic rate
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MOIST (MAR)
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Which is lower, MAR or DAR?
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MAR
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A certain day this summer, the environmental lapse rate above DFW was less than the rate of change of temperature of a dry air parcel. Atmospheric conditions were
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STABLE
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Hit air is ___ than cold air
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LIGHTER
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Suppose the dry adibatic rate (DAR) is 10 deg. C and the environmental lapse rate is 12 deg. C. An air parcel following the DAR will
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RISE
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When does condensation occur?
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WHEN AIR IS SATURATED
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Clouds form by lumping droplets formed around condensation _____
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NUCLEI
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Cirrus clouds look like....
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FILAMENT
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Layered clouds are what type?
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STRATUS
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Clumps of clouds are called....
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CUMULUS
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Nimbus means...
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PRECIPITATION
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Lifts due to heating the surface, thermal uplift
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CONVECTIVE
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forced uplift because of a mountain
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OROGRAPHIC
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lifts b/c of a wedge of cool air (a cool front)
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FRONTAL
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Mountains, fronts and convection provide mechanisms to lift warm air and thereby induce condensation (T or F)
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TRUE
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Source regions of the origin of air masses are either ____ pressure or ____
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HIGH; ANTI-CYCLONIC
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Boundary between air masses, narrow zone of transition
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FRONTS
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Warmer air rises/sinks over the colder air, which acts as a wedge
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RISES
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leading edge of cold air mass; steep slope; vertically developed clouds and violent precip.; triangle weather maps
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COLD FRONT
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leading edge of warm air mass; gentle slope; broad clouds and precipitation; semicircles on weather maps
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WARM FRONT
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no leading edge; triangles and semicircles on different sides
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STATIONARY FRONT
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occur in mid to high latitudes; zone of westerly winds; vast cell of low pressure
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EXTRATROPICAL STORMS
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the movement of extratropical storms is ____
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COUNTERCLOCKWISE IN NORTHERN HEMISPHERE
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Circular low pressure center w/very steep gradient
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TROPICAL CYCLONES
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Long and weak low-pressure, low latitudes, move westward w/the trades
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EASTERLY WAVES
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~ 1 bar = 1000 mbar = 100Kpa
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SEA LEVEL PRESSURE
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The coriolis effect deflects to the LEFT/RIGHT in the Northern Hemisphere
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RIGHT
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The coriolis effect deflects to the LEFT/RIGHT in the S Hemisphere
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LEFT
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In the N Hemisphere, Geostrophic wind moves...
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Clockwise around a High (H), anticyclone; counterclockwise around Low, cyclone
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In the S Hemisphere, Geostrophic wind moves...
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Clockwise around a Low (L), cyclone; counterclockwise around a High (H), anti-cyclone
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Near the surface, friction changes direction, either converging or divergin
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SURFACE WIND
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north-easterlies in N hemisphere, south-easterlies in S hemisphere
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TRADE WINDS
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convergence of trade winds, low pressure, rising air
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INTERTROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE
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fluctuations in the westerlies; jet stream
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ROSSBY WAVES
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____ atmospheric conditions correspond to the rate of cooling of the rising air is
larger than the rate of cooling of the surrounding air. |
STABLE
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A mountain in an island is constantly exposed to moist warm air moved by easterly (from the
east) winds. Which side of this mountain range would show higher precipitation? |
EAST
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Which one of these fronts corresponds to a cold air mass advancing towards a warm air mass?
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COLD
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An extratropical (mid-latitude) cyclone in the USA is likely to have a _______ and move _____.
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warm front on its eastern side, ..., west to east
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On the average, hurricanes over the Atlantic, move from ________ to ______
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EAST TO WEST
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During evaporation water ____ energy from the environmentq
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ABSORBS
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One important factor in determining the existence of deserts around mid-latitudes is:
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SUB-TROPICAL HIGHS
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A "flat" temperature curve on a climate diagram would most likely describe a ___ climate
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TROPICAL
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Do tornadoes have multiple vortices?
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YES
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Salinity is often measured in ____
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PARTS PER THOUSAND (PPT)
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Methane and CO2 are radiatively _________ gases in the atmosphere
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TRUE
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The size of a cell of a GCM determines its ________ resolution
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SPATIAL
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The Greenhouse Effect is enhanced on earth by....
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HUMAN ACTIVITIES (fossil fuel burning and deforestation)
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A good absorber (of radiatively active gas) is also a good ___ at that wavelength
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EMITTER
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Warm all year
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TROPICAL CLIMATE
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Tropical climate with long dry seasons
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SAVANNA
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Tropical cimate with a short dry season and a long season of heavy rain
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MONSOON
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tropical climate that is rainy all year
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RAIN FOREST
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climate with mild winters (not too cold)
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MESOTHERMAL
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Mesothermal climate that has some rain in the summer
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HUMID SUBTROPICAL
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Mesothermal climate that has dry summers
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MEDITERRANEAN
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climate that has very cold winters
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MICROTHERMAL
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microthermal cimate that has humid summers
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HUMID
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microthermal, cool summers, very cold winters
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SUBARCTIC
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PW stands for...
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WATER VAPOR CAPACITY OF THE AIR
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AW =
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ACTUAL WATER VAPOR CONTENT OF THE AIR
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RH =
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Relative humidity; also(AW/PW)100
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A factor deflecting global winds due to Earth's rotation
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CORIOLIS EFFECT
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GEostrophics means ___ level and surface means ___ level
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UPPER/LOWER
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Local sea breeze should blow toward the sea during the DAY/NIGHT
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NIGHT
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The SOUTHERNMOST diverging wind around a subtropical high in the N hemisphere, is flowing towards the_____
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WEST
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When cold front catches up with a warm front, pressure _____ and the storm _____
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DISSIPIATES/DIES OUT
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Evapotranspiration is....
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EVAPORATION + TRANSPIRATION BY PLANTS
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true or false, soil air is rich in C02
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TRUE
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soil water is lost by evapotranspiration (to atmosphere) and by ________ (to groundwater)
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PERCOLATION
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THE DRYER THE LAND, THE LARGER/SMALLER THE DEFICIT
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LARGER
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The energy due to the conversion of water from liquid to vapor is called:
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LATENT HEAT OF EVAPORATION
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Which of the three wind forces is missing? CORIOLIS EFFECT, FRICTION WITH EARTH'S SURFACE
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PRESSSURE FROM HIGH TO LOW
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According to Milankovich, the tilt of the axis of rotation of the Earth reaches a maximum every 4,000/40,000 years
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40,000
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A factor deflecting global winds due to Earth's rotation
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CORIOLIS EFFECT
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GEostrophics means ___ level and surface means ___ level
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UPPER/LOWER
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Local sea breeze should blow toward the sea during the DAY/NIGHT
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NIGHT
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The SOUTHERNMOST diverging wind around a subtropical high in the N hemisphere, is flowing towards the_____
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WEST
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When cold front catches up with a warm front, pressure _____ and the storm _____
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DISSIPIATES/DIES OUT
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Evapotranspiration is....
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EVAPORATION + TRANSPIRATION BY PLANTS
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true or false, soil air is rich in C02
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TRUE
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soil water is lost by evapotranspiration (to atmosphere) and by ________ (to groundwater)
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PERCOLATION
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THE DRYER THE LAND, THE LARGER/SMALLER THE DEFICIT
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LARGER
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The energy due to the conversion of water from liquid to vapor is called:
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LATENT HEAT OF EVAPORATION
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Which of the three wind forces is missing? CORIOLIS EFFECT, FRICTION WITH EARTH'S SURFACE
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PRESSSURE FROM HIGH TO LOW
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According to Milankovich, the tilt of the axis of rotation of the Earth reaches a maximum every 4,000/40,000 years
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40,000
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Increasing air temperature promotes evaporation, and DECREASES/INCREASES vapor pressure
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INCREASES
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AW (actual water vapor) and RH (relative humidity) are INDIRECTLY/DIRECTLY related
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DIRECTLY
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Temperature increases, PW INCREASES/DECREASES, and RH INCREASES/DECREASES
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INCREASES; DECREASES
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Whatever the temperature does, the RH does THE SAME/THE OPPOSITE
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THE OPPOSITE
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The change of temperature to surrounding air
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ENVIRONMENTAL LAPSE RATE
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If the surrounding air cools faster than the parcel of air, the atmospheric conditions are STABLE/UNSTABLE
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UNSTABLE
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Which has a steeper slope, cold or warm front?
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COLD
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Above 70/80% evaporation is form oceans
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80%
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