Geography

Front 1

hydrological cycle

Back 1

the water cycle where water is recycled through condensation, evaporation and water transfer

Front 2

drainage basin

Back 2

the area of land drained by a river

Front 3

catchment area`

Back 3

the area within the drainage basin

Front 4

watershed

Back 4

the edge of highland surrounding a drainage basin

Front 5

source

Back 5

the beginning or start of a river

Front 6

confluence

Back 6

the point where 2 rivers or streams meet

Front 7

tributary

Back 7

a smaller river or stream which meets a larger river or stream

Front 8

mouth

Back 8

the point where a river comes to an end, usually at the sea

Front 9

long profile

Back 9

a slice through the river from source to mouth

Front 10

short profile

Back 10

a slice across the river

Front 11

describe the typical long profile of a river

Back 11

the source of the river is usually in uplands, as it flows down it cuts v-shaped valleys through vertical erosion, usually winding up in wide flatlands near the ocean

Front 12

describe river conditions at the source

Back 12

1. increased vertical erosion
2. uses energy (flowing downhill) to overcome friction
3. channels narrow + shallow
4. may contain boulders and sediment
5. turbulence

Front 13

describe river conditions at the mouth

Back 13

1. increased discharge
2. = increased speed and energy
3. lateral erosion
4. wide channels
5. little turbulence

Front 14

hydraulic action

Back 14

force of the river causes air to be trapped in crevices. Pressure weakens the banks which gradually wear away

Front 15

abrasion

Back 15

rocks carried along by the river wear away the river bed and banks

Front 16

attrition

Back 16

rocks being carried by the river bang together becoming smaller, smoother particles

Front 17

solution

Back 17

soluble particles are dissolved in the river

Front 18

name 4 transport processes

Back 18

solution
suspension
saltation
traction

Front 19

suspension

Back 19

fine light material is carried along in the water

Front 20

saltation

Back 20

small pebbles and stones are bounced along the riverbed

Front 21

traction

Back 21

large boulders and rocks are rolled along the riverbed

Front 22

deposition

Back 22

when a river loses energy it will drop some of the material it is carrying (usually at the mouth)

Front 23

delta

Back 23

formed at the mouth of the river by deposited material