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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does limestone consist chiefly of?
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calcium carbonate which is insoluble
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The carbon dioxide, which rain water absorbs from the air, turns the insoluble carbonate into what?
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soluble bi-carbonate
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vertical /swallow/ sink holes are formed from what? Give an example of a swallow hole
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They are formed by rivers and they are usually widened vertical joints.Eg.Gaping Ghyll in Yorkshire,England
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Swallow holes may join together to give a very large opening called a what?
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doline
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These dolines may join up to give even larger openings. These are called?
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uvalas
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Rivers which flow inside limestone areas develop what?
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underground caves and caverns
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Which two things develop in caves and sometimes join together to form natural columns or pillars
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stalagmites and stalactites
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What forms with vertical sides when the roof of an underground cave or cavern collapses?
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a gorge
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Give an example of a gorge formed this way
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cheddar gorge(U.K)
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Limestone landscapes are also called what?
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karst landscapes
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What is chalk made up of?
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calcium carbonate but it is much softer than limestone
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What type of rock is chalk?
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a porous rock
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What happens when rain falls onto chalks surface?
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the rain rapidly soaks into the gorund
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What are valleys called without streams?
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dry valleys or coombs
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Give an example of chalk landscape
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Chiltern Hills and the Dawns,and in these regions dry valleys are very common
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what is weathering
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the process by which rocks at or near the earht's suface are broken dowm by differnt agents
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give the two types of weathering
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mechanical/physical and chemical
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Give one major difference between weathering and erosion
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during weathering the weathered material is not transported away but in erosion it is transported
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the red colour of many soils is due to what?
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the presence of iron in them
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how do plans weather
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their roots grow continuousl spreading over an area of land causing the rocks below to crack and disintegrate
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how do animals weather
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they burrow through the soil
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what do plants produce when they rot
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humus
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What happens during frost action which is a mechanical form of weathering
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This happens in temperate areas. In teh summertime teh rain falls and goes into the cracks. During winter, the water freezes and pressure is exerted on the sides.Cracks start to develop and pieces of the rocks start to break off
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What happens during Temperate changes (Exfoliation)
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In the day, cracks develop and expand.During the night, the surface layers of the rocks peel off and the rocks contract to form an exfoliation dome which has a smooth surface
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the small rocks that fall off of the bigger ones are called what?
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screes/talus
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Bauxite soil is formed from the weathering of which type of rock
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limestone
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Give the three types of chemical weathering
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hydration, carbonation and oxidation
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give one product of weathering
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clay
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what is hydration?
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it is when oxygen or sulphur is combined with water to produce a soluble or weaker mineral
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what is the second most abundant mineral on earth
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iron
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give an example of oxidation
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when rails and grills rust
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what is mass wasting
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the downslope movement of weathered material under the influence of gravity. Eg. landslides, mudflow, and soil creep
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what is erosion?
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the removal of topsoil by water, wind, ice
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give six things that are formed form carbonation
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swallow holes, sink holes, caves, cavern, clints and gryke
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what is weathering
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the process by which rocks at or near the earht's suface are broken dowm by differnt agents
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give the two types of weathering
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mechanical/physical and chemical
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Give one major difference between weathering and erosion
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during weathering the weathered material is not transported away but in erosion it is transported
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the red colour of many soils is due to what?
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the presence of iron in them
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how do plans weather
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their roots grow continuousl spreading over an area of land causing the rocks below to crack and disintegrate
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how do animals weather
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they burrow through the soil
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what do plants produce when they rot
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humus
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What happens during frost action which is a mechanical form of weathering
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This happens in temperate areas. In teh summertime teh rain falls and goes into the cracks. During winter, the water freezes and pressure is exerted on the sides.Cracks start to develop and pieces of the rocks start to break off
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What happens during Temperate changes (Exfoliation)
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In the day, cracks develop and expand.During the night, the surface layers of the rocks peel off and the rocks contract to form an exfoliation dome which has a smooth surface
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the small rocks that fall off of the bigger ones are called what?
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screes/talus
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Bauxite soil is formed from the weathering of which type of rock
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limestone
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Give the three types of chemical weathering
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hydration, carbonation and oxidation
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give one product of weathering
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clay
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what is hydration?
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it is when oxygen or sulphur is combined with water to produce a soluble or weaker mineral
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what is the second most abundant mineral on earth
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iron
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