Geography

Front 1

What are the lines of equal longitude called?

Back 1

meridians (0-180 degrees)

Front 2

what are lines of equal latitude called?

Back 2

parallel (they do not intersect)

Front 3

60 inches=

Back 3

1 degree

Front 4

every map has what?

Back 4

distortion

Front 5

rotation of the earth affects what?

Back 5

time

Front 6

revolution of the earth affects what?

Back 6

seasons

Front 7

what way does the earth rotate on its axis?

Back 7

west to east

Front 8

360 degrees in 24 hours is equivalent to?

Back 8

15 degrees in 1 hour

Front 9

central meridians:

Back 9

lines of longitude that the time zone is set on

Front 10

perihelion is?

Back 10

when the earth is closest to the sun (January)

Front 11

aphelion is?

Back 11

when the earth is farthest from the sun (july)

Front 12

the inclination of our earth is how many degrees to the plane of ecliptic?

Back 12

23.5 degrees

Front 13

what is the circle of illumination?

Back 13

the edge of the sunlit hemisphere, which forms a circular boundary separating the earth into a light half and a dark half. crosses 2 times a day

Front 14

plane of ecliptic:

Back 14

earth strays in one plane, it doesn't go up & down- it just stays in one path (but leans a bit)

Front 15

when are the solstices?

Back 15

june 21 an december 21
when the sun reaches its highest or lowest point in the sky at noon, marked by the longest and shortest days.

Front 16

what part of the earth is the june solstice most intense in?

Back 16

tropic of cancer

Front 17

what degrees is the antarctic and arctic circle in?

Back 17

66.5 degrees

Front 18

when does the circle of illumination go through the poles?

Back 18

september equinox

Front 19

what part of the earth is the december solstice most intense?

Back 19

tropic of capricorn

Front 20

when/what are the equinoxes?

Back 20

the time or date (twice each year) at which the sun crosses the celestial equator, when day and night are of equal length (about September 22 and March 20).

Front 21

analemma

Back 21

shows where the sun is going to be in the sky

Front 22

23.5 degrees is where?

Back 22

tropics

Front 23

66.5 degrees is where?

Back 23

arctic/antarctic circles

Front 24

without the earths tilt, what would we not have?

Back 24

seasons

Front 25

what does the ozone do?

Back 25

protects us from temperature extremes. absorbs ultraviolet rays

Front 26

what are the 4 parts of the atmosphere?

Back 26

troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere

Front 27

what is isothermal?

Back 27

temperature stays constant

Front 28

what does lapse rate refer to?

Back 28

temperature change with altitude

Front 29

what does 'normal' refer to?

Back 29

refers to the average temperature

Front 30

temperature inversion:

Back 30

when temp increases as you go up. (cold surface from the pacific ocean)

Front 31

what are some main gases that the atmosphere has?

Back 31

water vapor, carbon dioxide

Front 32

greenhouse gas

Back 32

CO2 and water vapor- very abundant

Front 33

particulate matter:

Back 33

can cool atmosphere down w/ dust

Front 34

the 3 states of matter do what?

Back 34

change the amount of molecular motion

Front 35

what do you call a phase from gas to solid?

Back 35

deposition

Front 36

what are the 4 parts of the atmosphere?

Back 36

troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere

Front 37

what is isothermal?

Back 37

two places in which there is a layer with an unchanging degree

Front 38

what does lapse rate refer to?

Back 38

temperature change with altitude

Front 39

what does 'normal' refer to?

Back 39

refers to the long average temperature of one place

Front 40

temperature inversion:

Back 40

when temp increases as you go up. (cold surface from the pacific ocean)

Front 41

what are some main gases that the atmosphere has?

Back 41

water vapor, carbon dioxide

Front 42

greenhouse gas

Back 42

CO2 and water vapor- very abundant

Front 43

particulate matter:

Back 43

can cool atmosphere down w/ dust

Front 44

the 3 states of matter do what?

Back 44

change the amount of molecular motion

Front 45

what do you call a phase from gas to solid?

Back 45

deposition

Front 46

solid to a gas is what phase?

Back 46

sublimation

Front 47

condensation:

Back 47

process of becoming more dense

Front 48

latent heat:

Back 48

stored heat in water that is eventually released during a phase change

Front 49

the temperature of molecular motion per volume is known as the:

Back 49

average

Front 50

sensible heat is:

Back 50

what you can feel

Front 51

the hotter the object:

Back 51

the more energy it gives off/ the shorter the wavelength

Front 52

every object above absolute zero radiates what?

Back 52

electromagnetic energy

Front 53

the temp at which molecular motion stops is?

Back 53

above absolute zero

Front 54

solar energy creates what kinds of wavelengths?

Back 54

shortwave radiation

Front 55

earths energy creates what kinds of wavelengths?

Back 55

longwave energy

Front 56

absorbtion

Back 56

being stopped and trapped in atmosphere

Front 57

reflection

Back 57

energy being bounced back into space. it reflects and scatters "diffuse" radiation to the surface.

Front 58

scattering

Back 58

energy redirected towards earths surface. longer wavelengths are less easily scattered

Front 59

albedo

Back 59

percent reflected. the brighter a surface is- the higher the albedo is.

Front 60

earths average albedo is?

Back 60

31%

Front 61

angle of incidence

Back 61

angle is more concentrated in the tropics.

Front 62

oblique rays:

Back 62

have more area to cover. energy is diminished by reflection, scattering

Front 63

albedo is higher for which rays?

Back 63

oblique

Front 64

which place on earth has the longest daylight on june 21

Back 64

north pole

Front 65

radiation

Back 65

no wind/water currents. just things giving off heat

Front 66

What term describes the condition in which temperature increases with altitude?

Back 66

temperature inversion

Front 67

1° of latitude = _________ miles.

Back 67

69

Front 68

in june solstice:

Back 68

Duration: Longest daylengths of year in northern hemisphere, shortest in southern hemisphere

Front 69

convection

Back 69

currents. hot air rises- heats up air from the surface

Front 70

evapotranspiration:

Back 70

liquid water at surface-> water vapor at atmosphere

Front 71

does a liquid to a gas absorb or decrease energy?

Back 71

absorbs

Front 72

insolation:

Back 72

exposure to suns rays. received by half the earth (circ. of illum.)

Front 73

does the atmosphere absorb or deflect longwave radiation?

Back 73

absorbs

Front 74

what is the effect of water & land:

Back 74

they heat and cool very differently

Front 75

specific heat

Back 75

amount of energy required to raise the temp of an object

Front 76

which has higher specific heat: water or land?

Back 76

water (2-5 times more)

Front 77

surface transparency

Back 77

energy is concentrated to just land area because of opaqueness. water goes further

Front 78

less evaporation over land

Back 78

greater over water

Front 79

surface mobility

Back 79

land has no mixing between layers. water mixes in vast ocean currents

Front 80

continental

Back 80

inland, more extremes in temp

Front 81

maritime

Back 81

experiences moderating effects of large body of water

Front 82

which hemisphere does have a dramatic temp change?

Back 82

southern, it doesn't have as much land mass

Front 83

isoline maps

Back 83

lines never touch. one place cannot have 2 temps

Front 84

what is happening when lines are close together on isoline maps

Back 84

if whatever you are measuring changes rapidly