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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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During earth’s earliest formation, when the planet was completely molten, all the material that comprises earth separated into layers, based on what?
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Density
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The following layers of the Earth are in order from highest density (first) to lowest density (last)
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Core, Mantle, Crust
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Which layer of the Earth is a soft solid that has the ability to flow over very long timescales?
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Asthenosphere
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Which of the following is NOT evidence in support of plate tectonics?
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Deformation caused by continents plowing through ocean basins
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Which layers(s) of the Earth is/are broken into tectonic plates that move?
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Lithosphere
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Which of the schematic diagrams at the right best represent the convection in the asthenosphere under divergent plate boundaries?
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Top and bottom going opposite ways (number 6 on test #1)
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Which of the following features is NOT associated with subduction zone boundaries?
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Mid ocean ridges
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Which of the following locations is NOT at a divergent plate boundary?
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Himalayan Mountains
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At which type of plate boundary do plates move horizontally past one another in opposite direction?
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Transform Boundaries
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At which of the following plate tectonic settings is new crust created?
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Divergent Boundaries
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Here in Flagstaff, Arizona we are on which tectonic plate?
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The Northern American Plate
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When two continental plates run into one another, what is the plate boundary called?
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Continental Collision Boundary
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The San Andreas Fault in southern California is an example of which type of plate boundary?
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Transform Boundary
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Which of the following processes occur at subduction zone boundaries?
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The plate of higher density subducts into the mantle
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In which of the following locations are you MOST likely to find volcanoes?
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Over Subduction Zones
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What are mid-ocean ridges?
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Underwater linear chains of volcanoes where sea floor spreading occurs
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What location is NOT a hotspot?
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Mt. Everest
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Hot spots are useful to scientist because they indicate:
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The direction the plate is moving and the speed of the plate
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In a chain of volcanoes located above a hot spot, where are the volcanoes the oldest?
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The volcanoes furthest away from the hot spot
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What is NOT part of the definition of a mineral?
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Hard
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What is the process called when magma cools off and forms rocks? (liquid rock---> solid rock)
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Crystallization
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What statement concerning the rock cycle is NOT true?
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As magma cools, it can form either sedimentary or metamorphic rocks
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The Kaibab Limestone, which is the white rock found all around Flagstaff, was formed about 245 million years ago in what geologic setting?
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In a warm, shallow tropical ocean
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What statement regarding intrusive and extrusive rocks is correct?
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Intrusive rocks have larger crystals than extrusive rocks
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What are examples of detrital sedimentary rocks?
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Mudstone, sandstone, conglomerate
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Rocks that form deep in Earth as a result of high temperature and pressure, without melting, are called:
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Metamorphic rocks
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When lava erupts from a volcano and cools, what type of rock is formed?
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Igneous Rocks
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The process of turning a sediment into a sedimentary rock is called?
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Lithification
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What statement regarding Arizona is TRUE?
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There is no plate boundary within the state of Arizona, but we still have earthquakes in this state
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Worldwide, great earthquakes (magnitude 8 or higher) usually occur about how often?
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About once a year
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What is the epicenter of an earthquake?
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The location on the surface of the earth directly above where the rock first breaks
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Which of the following most accurately describes Elastic Rebound Theory as applied to earthquakes?
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Stress applied-->strain energy accumulates-->rock breaks
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What type of fault os most commonly associated with transform plate boundaries?
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Strike- slip fault
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When the crust is compressed (pushed together), what type of fault is most likely to form?
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Reverse fault
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Which type of fault is created by vertical movements of neighboring blocks of rock?
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dip-slip fault
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What BEST describes motion along a Reverse Fault?
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The hanging wall moves up with respect to the footwall
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The motion of a primary wave (P-wave) is best characterized as similar to:
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A slinky compressing and expanding in the direction of wave travel
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What is the correct order of an earthquake wave velocity in order from fastest to slowest?
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Primary, Secondary, Surface
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Which seismic waves are MOST destructive?
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Surface waves
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What is a seismograph?
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The written record of an earthquake which is made by a seismograph
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What does the difference in arrival time between the P- wave and S- wave tell a geologist?
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The distance to the epicenter (how far the waves traveled)
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The modified mercalli scale measures all of the following EXCEPT:
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The distance the fault moved
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The earthquake magnitude scale that is used today by seismologists is
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Moment magnitude scale
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The moment magnitude of an earthquake is calculated using all of the following measurements EXCEPT
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The difference in arrival time between the P-wave and the S-wave
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A magnitude 7 earthquake releases ___ times more energy than a magnitude 6 earth quake
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32
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Which of the following near-surface earth materials will amplify ground shaking MOST? (this material will increase the intensity of shaking the most)
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Water- saturated silt and mud
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Which of the following factors does not affect the intensity of the earthquake?
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The magnitude of an earthquake, the depth of an earthquake, the type of rock/sediment you are standing on, your distance from the epicenter
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