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71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is the inner core
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iron-solid
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what is the outer core
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iron -fluid
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what is the mantle
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iron magnesium and silicon. Solid rock
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what is the crust
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silicon aluminum less iron/magnesium
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asthenosphere
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source of magma and crust
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what is the lithosphere
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upper most mantle and crust
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what is a mineral
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natural solid inorganic, crystaline, specific chemical compound
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whaty are major examples of a mineral
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quartz
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what is a rock
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made from minerals, consolidated mass of minerals
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whats an examples of a rock
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granite
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igneous
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fire formed
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extrusive
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ex basalt. left lithosphere to form. cooled fast, rigid
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intrusive
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ex. granite formed in the litho in a slow manner. smooth rock.
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sedimentary
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ex sandstone. made from comprised sediment
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metamorphic
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ex. gneiss changed from granite
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what is regolith
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Broken up piece of bed rock inbetweent the soil and the unconsolidated parent material
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where does regolith come from?
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weathering and erosion
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difference between physical and chemical
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physical is wind and water chemical would be salt breaking something down
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why is regolith not consistent
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because of weathering
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what are exogenic processes
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outside...gravity, erosion, etc.
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endogenic process
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inside process...plate tectonics
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how many plates are there?
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7-8 major ones and many minor ones
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convergent?
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smash together --> folding and shortening
where mts are...nazca and south america |
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divergent
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tension- pulling away
atlantic ocean |
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transform
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shear- bending or slipping
san andreas fault |
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why do earthquakes occur
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convergent and transform plates
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what is a horst
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top part of divergent plate
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what is a graben
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bottom part of divergent plate
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features of divergent
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mid oceanic ridge or trench
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features of convergent
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volcanoes, mts. eqs
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features of transforms
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eqs and faults
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pangea
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all of the continents
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when did pangea break apart?
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250 million years ago
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what are gravity driven exogenic processes?
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water
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where does a stream go fastest
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in the middle of the stream and at the surface
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whats the equation for discharge?
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q = wvd
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alluvium
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stuff that gets eroded. clay silt sediment blah blah bnalskfj
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where does water in a stream come from?
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precip (runoff, infiltration from soil) and evaporation
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what is a streams bed load?
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the sediments a stream is carrying at the bottom of the stream
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what is a streams suspended load
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the sedimnets a stream is carryin
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what 2 things determine how much work a stream can do
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discharge (q) and steepness
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what is a graded stream
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a stream that is able to transport on average over a period of years all the sediment it recieves from its undershed
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whats a profile of a downward slope look like?
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because it starts high and then it moves all the sediment away.
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A stream with excess power does what?
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It becomes deeper
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Excess stream power results in
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DOWNCUTTING
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Landforms found in floodplains?
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Oxbow Lakes Point bars, undercut banks natural levess
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Alluvial (stream) Terraces
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a series of steps down to teh river
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Nickpoint, what does it mean
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Nickpoint is an abrupt change in gradient. Waterfall or rapids.
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Alluival fan
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Formed at the delta of a river
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Bajada
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Stream moutain things
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Delta
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Where a river meets its ending water mass. Like the mississippi reaching the Gulf of Mexico
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Glacier
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A large mass of ice resting on land or floatingin the sea. Not frozen lakes or groundwater ice. Glaciers move like water, but a lot slower. Formed by years of snow fall
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Glaciers flow because of
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Their own weight and gravity
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How do glaciers flow
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Slowly? Melting snow is like lube.
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Glaciers are in some places and not others why
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Because its hot some places....
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An Ice Age is what
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When galciers come down super far and then retreat
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Pleistocene
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Most recent Ice Age
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Quaterary
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All Ice Ages
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Glacial Vs Interglacial
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Glacial - cold times Interglacial - warmer times
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When was the Late Wisconsin Glacial
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30,000-10,000 years ago
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plucking
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when a glacier moves it plucks the surface and drags the sediment along
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abrasion
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scraping of a glacier
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what is glacial till
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its the stuff glaciers have dragged
big stuff |
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glacial outwash
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stuff glaciers have dragged
little stuff |
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roche mountanee
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huge rock left over from a glacier
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fjord
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u shaped valley filled wtih water
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u shaped valley is what?
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a melted glavier that leaves behind a valley
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whats inside a cirque
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a tarn
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medial moraine
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when 2 moraines meet in a valley
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drumlin
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basically a dune but makes no sense in termso f the direction, opposite of a dune
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esker
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ice tunnel
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