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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Agriculture
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The growing and maintenance of food, plants or animals.
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Pastorialism
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Breeding and herding of animals to satisfy human needs
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Transhumance
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movements of herds according to seasons
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Commercial Agriculture System
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Placed in the core. Profit based.
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Subsistence Agriculture System
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Placed in the periphery. Growing food for eating,and focused on the needs of the family. Popular in Asia.Survival focused.
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Agriculture
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The growing and maintenance of food, plants or animals.
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Pastorialism
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Breeding and herding of animals to satisfy human needs
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Transhumance
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movements of herds according to seasons
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Commercial Agriculture System
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Placed in the core. Profit based.
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Subsistence Agriculture System
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Placed in the periphery. Growing food for eating,and focused on the needs of the family. Popular in Asia.Survival focused.
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shifting cultivation
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Mostly in Tropical Periphery. Destroyed most of the rainforest
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humus
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decaying plants, fuel of the rainforests, top layer of the area
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plantations
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growth of exotic plants. In Central and South America, Africa.
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Significant Event in Agriculture: L.A. Purchase
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Growth of America in 1803
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Significant Event in Agriculture: Railroad Acts
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Expanded U.S. to the West of North America
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Significant Event in Agriculture: Homestead Act 1862
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10% of U.S. land was given away in 160 acre plots. Movie: Far and Away
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Significant Event in Agriculture: Township and Range System
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Thomas Jeffersons original idea. Creating well defined property. 6x6 miles break into 1x1 mile property
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Significant Event in Agriculture: Marril Act
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Public Land donated for Colleges educating students about agriculture. Colleges ending in State usually.
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Significant Event in Agriculture: Green Revolution
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Using technology to help agriculture. Ex. Better breeding methods, better crop yields, better fertilizer.
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Father of Agriculture
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Dr Norman Borlaug
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+ of Green Rev
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Food production increases, famine decreases, carrying capacity increases. Core pushed this on periphery.
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- of Green Rev
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Small Farmers are left out, Hybrid crops are expensive, farm size increases, mechanization increases, commercialization increases, less jobs, less soil fertility, soil and water damaged, lowers prices.
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World Food Supplies
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High yield, high food value (vitamins, calories, etc), and storage ability (don't die quickly)
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5 major crops
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3 cereal grains- Corn, Wheat, Rice
2 Tubers- Potatoes, Cassava |
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Famine
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shortage or absence of food within a region due to crop failure, destruction or blocking of food shipments
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malnutrition
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aka micronutrient deficiencies- not recieving essential vitamins and minerals. can cause blindness, death, a bunch a stuff
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DDT
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poison supposed to kill insects but it got into water then bugs then fish then birds and made their eggs thing and then they almost became exstinct
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What can cause conflict
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areas and boundaries that don't take culture into account
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4 types of boundaries
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Antecedent – a boundary established before modern cultural
landscapes Canada/U.S. Border Not likely to cause conflict Subsequent – aligned with a cultural landscape Much of Europe Not likely to cause conflict within borders Superimposed – not aligned with culture, but created with geometric aspects Likely to cause conflict Africa, drawn by colonial powers Relic - no longer exist as international borders Often leave behind a trace in local culture Example of the reunification of Germany where different levels of prosperity still show between east and west |
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Nation-State
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– geopolitical expression of a politically independent and self-governing group of like-minded people
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Nationalism
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The feeling of belonging to a nation as well as the belief that a nation has a natural right to determine its own affairs
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Centripetal vs Centrifugal
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Centripetal Forces – forces that strengthen and unify something
A strong national culture, shared ideological objectives, and a common faith Centrifugal Forces – forces that divide or pull something apart Religious, linguistic, ethnic, or ideological differences |
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Kurdistan
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Unofficial "state" where Kurds are. Its by Iraq Turkey and Syria
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Balkanization
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which means to break up (as in a region) into smaller and often hostile units. Yugoslavia (hostile) Czech (peaceful)
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Bosnia War
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Former Yugoslavia broken into separate states after 1991
Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia Herzegovina, and Slovenia Secretly Croatian President, Franjo Tudman and Serbian President Slobodan Milosevic conspired on how to divide Bosnia Herzegovina between them Serbia wanted areas with Serbians Croatia wanted areas with Croatians Bosnians, who many are Muslims, became targets of ethnic cleansing |
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Zionism
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a movement for a separate country, a place safe from prosecution, for Jews in the late 19th century
1880 to 1914 – 60,000 Jews immigrated to Palestine |
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Six Days War
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1967 Egypt, Jordan, and Syria attacked Israel, but Israel defeated them (with the U.S. and Soviets only watching) and grew in size
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Creating a State: -Occupation and Conquest
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Effective Occupation – use of force to maintain control of land
Conquest – forceful action of taking land |
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Creating a State: Annexation
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– is the legal action of making conquered land part of the state Western Sahara
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Creating a State: Voluntary Cession
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Passing territory from one country to another by agreement. X-mas Island from Australia
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Creating a State: accretion
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– the addition of land to a State by natural processes
River boundaries are difficult to maintain due to nature of rivers Hawaii and Rio Grande River (Chamizal, 1963, El Paso, Texas) |
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First Nation
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Indigenous people
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Creating a State: Acquisition of Rights
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Transfers of land in the form of leases
Hong Kong Servitude – restriction on the sovereignty of a State over its own territory |
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What is the theoretical best shape for a state?
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rectangular or circlular
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What did C. Etzal Pearcy want to do?
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Change the US. To make 38 new states that would be the right shape.
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Who was Friedrich Ratzel? What was Lebensraum? How did it relate to Europe?
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Friedrich Ratzel (1849 – 1904)
Father of “Political Geography” Degree in zoology from U. of Berlin 1868 Politsche Geographie 1897 Lebensraum (living space) “The state is an organism fixed in the soil” State and union of people and land are a superorganism that needs to grow Expected Russia and the United States to dominate 20th Century due to the fact they had space to grow Related it to Germany in WWII |
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Difference between UK's power grabbing and US/Russias? Germany?
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UK was very split up. US/Russia had a lot of room. Germans were only focused on growing rather than US/UK focusing on protection.
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Who was Alfred Thayer Mahan?
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Wrote Influence of Sea Power upon History
Assisted sea transport cheaper and quicker than land transport Navy essential to protect commerce and for initiating economic sea blockades Especially for the U.S. and Britain |
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Who was Halford MacKinder? What was the Pivot or Heartland Theory?
How did it relate to the Cold War and the Domino Theory? |
British Scientist. Heartland model. Pivot Area – has a wide range of natural resources and inaccessible to sea power
Most strategically important place in the world Also Known as the Heartland World – Island – area surrounding the Heartland that is accessible to sea power Mackinder’s Heartland Theory - who controls eastern Europe controls the heartland - who controls the heartland controls the world island - who controls the world island rules the world This theory captured the attention of U.S. politicians and military |
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How could maps help promote fear about the Cold War?
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They would have russia look much bigger and closer to U.S.
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Describe the difference between System of Cities and Cities as Systems?
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Brian Berry described Urban Geography as the study of “cities as systems within systems of cities”
1. System of Cities – viewed as nodes or points Sizes and locations of cities and metropolitan areas The role of cities in society Interactions among cities and between cities and their hinterlands or trade areas 2. Cities as Systems – cities viewed as areas or places Land use patterns within cities Interactions among people and their land-use activities within cities and metropolitan areas |
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How have urban population changed from 1800 to 2000 world-wide?
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Lots of people had babies in urban areas and an explosion of population occured
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CBD
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Centrality – idea of a focal point that dictates urban growth
CBD became the focal point CBD’s function was to perform services for the city and for the people around the city |
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Describe the difference between System of Cities and Cities as Systems?
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1. System of Cities – viewed as nodes or points
Sizes and locations of cities and metropolitan areas The role of cities in society Interactions among cities and between cities and their hinterlands or trade areas 2. Cities as Systems – cities viewed as areas or places Land use patterns within cities Interactions among people and their land-use activities within cities and metropolitan areas |
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What are World Cities? Provide examples of Secondary and Primary Cities.
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Places where large multi-national corporations are headquartered and manage world-wide operations
High connectivity to the rest of the world Primary: Chicago, New York, London, LA, Paris, Tokyo Secondary: Brussels, Houston, Toronto, Miami |
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What does the Rank Size Rule tell us?
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If a city is too powerful or too big. Basically the top city should be 1 2nd 1/2 3rd 1/3 4th 1/4 etc...
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What are the characteristics of a Primate City? Provide examples.
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A major city that works as the financial, political, and population center of a country and is not rivaled in any of these aspects by any other city in that country
Ex. Sao Palo, Brazil; Lagos, Nigeria; Paris, France So these are found to be too big because of the Rank Size Rule. |
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What is the Concentric Zone Model?
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The Dart board. Circles inside of Circles.
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Sector Model?
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Created by Hoyt: Basically a circle but poor do not live directly near rich like in the Concentric zone model. Poor live by manufacturing zones and rich and middle class live by each other.
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Multi-Nuclei Model?
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9 zones of crazy madness doin what it do.
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What is Gentrification?
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Wealthy people buying homes in poor communities. This can lead to those poor families getting kicked out.
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What is an Ehtnoburb?
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suburban residential and business area in North America with a significant concentration of a particular ethnic minority population.
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What is the cycle of poverty?
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poverty is a repeated cycle of events unless there is outside intervention.
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What is dualism?
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something with two parts? Say wha
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historical events
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la purchase
railroad act homestead township and range marril act green rev |
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township and....
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range system
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creating a state
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annexation
accreation acquisition of rights occupying/maintaining |
