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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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ash fall
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FIne airborne material that settle onto the land surface. The material is unconsolidated volcanic debris (ash), less than 4mm in diameter, that has been blown out of a volcano during an eruption; it may travel a considerable distance from the volcano.
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caldera
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Giant volcanic crater produced by an extremely violent volcanic eruption or by collapse of the summit area of a volcano after an eruption.
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cinder cone
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A conical volcanic hill formed by an accumulation of coarse pyroclastic material erupted from the volcano; a.k.a. scoria cone (131).
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composite volcano
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Steep sided volcanic cone produced by alternating layers of pyroclastic debris and lava flow; aka stratovolcano (p. 130).
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decompression melting
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The process by which solid rock melts due to a decrease in pressure that is caused by upwelling of hot rocks within the interior of the planet (p. 126).
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debris flow/mudflow
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Rapid downslope movement of unconsolidated, water-saturated earth material that became unstable because of torrential rain, rapid melting of snow and ice, or sudden drainage of pond or lake; sometimes restricted to flows of this type that contain mainly coarse material (p. 143).
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lateral blast
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Type of volcanic eruption characterized by explosive activity that is more or less parallel to the surface of the Earth. A lateral blast may take place when the side of a volcano fails (141).
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lava
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Molten material that flows ONTO LAND surface from a volcano, or rock that solidifies from such molten material (125).
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lava flow
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Eruption of magma at Earth's surface that generally moves as a liquid mass downslope from a volcanic vent (138).
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magma
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Naturally occurring molten rock material formed deep within the crust or in the mantle (125).
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pyroclastic flow
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Extremely hot and rapid flow of eruptive material down the flank of a volcano; consists of volcanic gases, ash, and other materials that move rapidly; commonly forms upon the collapse of an eruption column; AKA ash flow, fiery cloud, or nuee ardente (141).
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pyroclastic deposit
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An accumulation of particles forcefully ejected from a volcanic vent, explosive in orgin, containing volcanic ash particles and those of larger size such as blocks and bombs (128).
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shield volcanoes
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A broad, convex volcanic mountain built up by successive lava flows; the largest type of volcanic mountain (128).
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volatiles
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Chemical compounds, such as water or carbon dioxide, that evaporate easily and exist in a gaseous state at the Earth's surface (126).
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volcanic crisis
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A condition in which the eruption or prospect of an eruption of a volcano produces immense difficulty, trouble, or danger in the affected society (158).
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volcanic dome
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Type of volcano characterized by very viscous magma with high silica content; activity is generally explosive (131).
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volcanic vent
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Circular or elongated opening through which lava and pyroclastic debris are erupted (132).
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