Geog. Ch 8

Front 1

agriculture

Back 1

The cultivation of domesticated crops and the raising of domesticated animals.

Front 2

agro-region

Back 2

A culture region based on characteristics of agrictulture, within which a given type of agriculture occurs.

Front 3

swidden cultivation

Back 3

A type of agriculture characterized by land rotation, in which temporary clearings are used for several years and then abandoned to be replaced by new clearings; also known as "slash-and-burn agriculture."

Front 4

intercropping

Back 4

The practice of growing two or more different types of crops in the same field at the same time.

Front 5

subsistence agricture

Back 5

Farming to supply the minimum food and materials necessary to survive.

Front 6

paddy rice farming

Back 6

The cultivation of rice on a paddy, or small flooded field enclosed by mud dikes, practiced in the humid areas of the Far East.

Front 7

double-cropping

Back 7

Harvesting twice a year from the same parcel of land.

Front 8

peasant

Back 8

A farmer belonging to a folk culture and practicing a traditional system of agriculture.

Front 9

plantation agriculture

Back 9

A system of monoculture for producing export crops requiring relatively large amount of land and capital; originally dependent on slave labor.

Front 10

plantation

Back 10

A large landholding devoted to specialized production of a tropical cash crop.

Front 11

market gardening

Back 11

Farming devoted to specialized fruit, vegetable, or vine crops for sale rather than consumption.

Front 12

livestock fattening

Back 12

A commercial type of agriculture that produces fatted cattle and hogs for meat.

Front 13

feedlot

Back 13

A factory-like farm devoted to either livestock fattening or dairying; all feed is imported and no crops are grown on the farm.

Front 14

suitcase farm

Back 14

In American commercial grain agriculture, a farm on which no one lives; planting and harvesting is done by hired migratory crews.

Front 15

agribusinesses

Back 15

Highly mechanized, large-scale farming, usually under corporate ownership

Front 16

nomadic livestock herders

Back 16

A member of a group that continually moves with its livestock in search of forage for its animals.

Front 17

sedentary cultivation

Back 17

Farming in fixed and permanent fields

Front 18

ranching

Back 18

The commercial raising or herd livestock on a large landholding.

Front 19

urban agriculture

Back 19

The raising of food, including fruit, vegetables, meat, and milk, inside cities, especially common in the Third World.

Front 20

hunting and gathering

Back 20

The killing of wild game and the harvesting of wild plants to provide food in traditional cultures.

Front 21

domesticated plant

Back 21

A plant deliberately planted and tended by humans that is genetically distinct from its wild ancestors as a result of selective breeding.

Front 22

domesticated animal

Back 22

An animal kept for some utilitarian purpose whose breeding is controlled by humans and whose survival is dependent on humans; domesticated animals differ genetically and behaviorally from wild animals.

Front 23

green revolution

Back 23

The recent introduction of high-yield hybrid crops and chemical fertilizers and pesticides into traditional Asian agricultural systems, most notably paddy rice farming, with attendant increases in production and ecological damage.

Front 24

desertification

Back 24

A process whereby human actions unintentionally turn productive lands into deserts through agricultural and pastoral misuse, destroying vegetation and soil to the point where they cannot regenerate.

Front 25

intensive agriculture

Back 25

The expenditure of much labor and capital on a piece of land to increase its productivity. in contrast, extensive agriculture involves less labor and capital.

Front 26

monoculture

Back 26

The raising of only one crop on a huge tract of land in agribusiness.

Front 27

genetically modified (GM) crops

Back 27

Plants whose genetic characteristics have been altered through recombinant DN technology.

Front 28

agricultural landscape

Back 28

The cultural landscape of agricultural areas.

Front 29

cadastral pattern

Back 29

The shapes formed by property borders; the pattern of land ownership.

Front 30

survey pattern

Back 30

A pattern of original land survey in an area.