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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Kenya Atlas Video |
Climate supports vibrant agricultural sector, and the forests and savannahs are rich in biodiversity - wildlife supports profitable tourism sector --> threatened by environmental degradation due to pressures of human activity. ● Mau forest complex - crucial to Kenya's water supply - seriously degraded in past few decades -> forest area halved 1973-2008 -> deforestation in Eastern Mau for agriculture - over half cleared since 2001 -> Masai Mau - crucial supply of water to Masai Mara - 30% lost since 1986 ● Mount Elgon - "water tower" forest -> legal logging and dense rural population - loss of forest ● Mount Kenya - critical water capture -> illegal logging, tree plantations, charcoal production, illegal farming - loss of forest -> however, changes in forest management since 2000 has significantly reduced threat - conditions of forest improving ● Nairobi - population 3 million -> Nairobi River and dam polluted, mostly due to inadequate waste disposal - over 1500 tonnes of solid waste produced a day - waste collection overwhelmed - Dandora landfill -> Traffic congestion - costs 50 million Kenyan shillings a day - fuel consumption, mechanical damage, pollution -> Poor air quality -> Large slums, e.g. Kibera -> City generates half Kenya's GDP |
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How will the work of Riders help in Kenya? |
1. Aim to get drugs to people in inaccessible places, e.g. rural areas 2. Helps prevent illnesses 3. Ensures vehicles are maintained, so they can continually deliver health care to inaccessible places 4. Healthcare workers trained on how to ride motorbikes --> available day and night, can respond when needed, not when public transport allows it 5. Workshop in Kisumu where vehicles are maintained by trained mechanics 6. Working with local people to make it more sustainable 7. Educating about diseases |
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How is their work hampered by Kenya's healthcare system? |
1. Shortages of drugs to treat people with 2. Lack of educated healthcare professionals --> lack of money to train people --> people leave the country to leave in better developed healthcare systems where pay is better --> live in Nairobi, not rural villages - better quality of life 3. Corruption - doctors steal drugs or charge too much 4. Drugs sent from central warehouse in Nairobi to outlying warehouses - amount of drugs sent based on the % of the population living in that area, not based on need 5. Lack of electricity for communication means clinics can not order enough of the drugs that they need 6. Deliveries made by lorries - unsuited to rural roads - supplies slow to arrive to remote areas, or often don't arrive at all |
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What other factors undermine Riders' efforts? |
1. Rough, dusty, untarmacked, potholed roads mean vehicles need constant servicing 2. Environmental degradation could lead to growth in poverty --> worse health 3. Population growth increases deforestation due to fuelwood demand --> less habitat for predators of mosquitoes - increase in prevalence of malaria --> forests are 'water towers' - could lead to water shortages --> destroys habitats and affects biodiversity - impacts on tourism industry - people lose their income - lower quality of life 4. Water towers go - drought, crop shortages, lack of irrigation, soil degradation, more polluted and stagnant water leads to more outbreaks of cholera and malaria 5. Land degradation and polluted water affects crop yields and fishing 6. Climate change --> unpredictable weather - droughts and floods - crops and animals die - famine and disease 7. Lack of education --> can't get high skilled jobs, stuck in subsistence farming - cycle of poverty --> lack of tax revenue for investment |
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Sustainability of Riders |
1. Couple who set up Riders will someday die --> educated locals to make it a long term project --> but they won't be able to give them money - govt. may not continue to fund Riders if they think health care is being taken care of --> govt. can instead invest in roads, communications, etc. which will make equal distribution of health care easier 2. If Riders leave, will Kenya go back to as it was before? 3. Kenya dependent on aid for development 4. Riders is reliant on vehicles which are polluting |
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Evaluation of Riders website |
1. Highly informative about the work they do 2. Ease of navigation 3. Visually attractive - looks professional 4. They use a mix of words, photos and videos --> more interesting --> people remember what they've seen in videos --> can see the work they do --> high quality, emotive photos 5. Sharing real life stories encourages people to donate as they feel more emotionally involved 6. Gives a variety of ideas of how you can get involved in the charity - appealing for volunteers --> donate button is highly visible on every page --> extremely important to get donations 7. Using celebrities (e.g. Ross Noble) to promote charity --> endorsement gives the site credibility --> get people other than motorbike community involved as this is quite a niche audience 8. Some information is going to be biased to make it look very effective --> not doing well with maternal health but don't mention it on the website |
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How does the Riders programme help achieve the MDGs? |
GOAL 1 --> Riders only employs locals, at more than $1 a day, to run and manage GOAL 2 --> by improving health, children can go to school and improve their prospects GOAL 3 --> over 50% of programme managers are female --> many of the health workers are female --> improves their standing in conservative rural communities GOAL 4 --> inoculating children --> education given on breastfeeding, healthy living and prevention of mother-child transmitted HIV GOAL 5 --> look after women during pregnancies --> health education and family planning --> Riders managed ambulances allow patients to be transferred to hospitals when a higher level of care is needed GOAL 6 --> Riders can reach more communities and so provide care for patients and get drugs and mosquito nets to more remote locations --> educate about infectious diseases (malaria, HIV, TB) --> test for diseases - early diagnosis GOAL 7 --> help implement clean water supplies and help improve sanitation --> takes pressure off women and children - allows them to go to school/work GOAL 8 --> UK based charity working in 7 countries across Africa in partnership with their governments --> gets investment from several countries |
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Expected questions |
1. Using the maps on pages 7-11 and your research explain the relationship between the physical geography of Kenya and the density of poverty across the country 2. Using information from the Riders website and information from the booklet explain the issues faced in providing quality health care across Kenya 3. Comment on the effectiveness of the Riders website in gaining support for their cause 4. To what extent has the Riders healthcare programme helped Kenya improve its healthcare? 5. Only by ensuring the environmental sustainability of Kenya will it be possible to continue making progress on the other MDGs. Discuss. |
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1. Using the maps on pages 7-11 and your research explain the relationship between the physical geography of Kenya and the density of poverty across the country (6 marks) |
● W and central Kenya have high altitudes - over 1000m ● Higher alt = better air quality and more ppt ● Areas with 2000+mm rain per annum are located around mountains and forests - Mt Elgon and Mt Kenya - 'water towers' - critical for Kenya's water supply ● Also a lot of ppt on E coast ● Areas of high ppt are most suitable for growing crops - soil less dry and easier to irrigate ● These areas are where there is highest pop density ● 75% of the pop of Kenya work in agriculture, so highest pop densities are found in areas with highest agricultural potential ● Also where most major cities are - Mombasa, Kisumu, Nairobi ● Highest pop density = highest poverty density ● Areas with +100 people per km2 are where there are areas with +100 people living on <$2 per day per km2 ● Where there are more people there will always be more poverty ● High population density puts pressure on resources ● BUT there is poverty elsewhere, but not identified on maps - sparse population density in rural areas |
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2. Using information from the Riders website and information from the booklet explain the issues faced in providing quality health care across Kenya (12 marks) |
● Inefficient management ● Provision supplied by KEMSA ● Supplies sent from a central warehouse to outlying warehouses - proportion of supplies sent is based on the proportion of the country's population living in the surrounding area ● Outlying clinics only get what supplies they are sent, rather than what they need ● Lack of electricity - lack of communication - difficult for rural clinics to order supplies they need ● Deliveries made by lorries - supplies slow to arrive to rural areas, if at all ● Limited human resources ● Many professionally trained doctors leave Kenya to work in richer countries with better facilities and wages ● Most who do stay choose to work in cities ● Uneven distribution of medical personnel across the country ● Ratio doctors:patients much higher in urban areas ● Quality of roads - 60% of pop live in rural areas, only 14% of roads are paved ● Difficult for supplies to be transported - vehicles need servicing often ● Lack of expertise in engineering and lack of spare parts - vehicles don't last long and cannot be repaired ● Corruption - doctors steal supplies or charge too much ● New biggest risk group for HIV - married couples - further strain on resources |
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3. Comment on the effectiveness of the Riders website in gaining support for their cause (8 marks) |
● Highly informative about the work they do ● Ease of navigation ● Visually attractive - looks professional ● They use a mix of words, photos and videos --> more interesting --> people remember what they've seen in videos --> can see the work they do --> high quality, emotive photos ● Sharing real life stories encourages people to donate as they feel more emotionally involved ● Gives a variety of ideas of how you can get involved in the charity - appealing for volunteers --> donate button is highly visible on every page --> extremely important to get donations ● Using celebrities (e.g. Ross Noble) to promote charity --> endorsement gives the site credibility --> get people other than motorbike community involved as this is quite a niche audience ● Some information is going to be biased to make it look very effective --> not doing well with maternal health but don't mention it on the website |
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4. To what extent has the Riders healthcare programme helped Kenya improve its healthcare? (15 marks)
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● Improvement in the % of the pop with HIV/AIDS - 7.7 in 1990s, 4.9 present --> educate people about infectious disease --> test people - early diagnosis --> provide treatment --> BUT higher infection rates among married couples - need to change focus ● EDUCATION - more children in school due to improved health - learn about hygiene ● Help implement CLEAN WATER supplies (7.7% in 90s, 57% present) and improve sanitation --> women and children not having to walk far to collect water - not carrying heavy loads - time for school/work ● MATERNAL HEALTH still bad --> Maternal mortality ratio per 100,000 live births - 365 in 1990s, 400 present, 92 target --> poor people in rural areas unable to get care during pregnancy or get to hospital if there are complications --> women in rich households 3x more likely to get professional care during pregnancy --> Riders trying to combat this with family planning, health education, and ambulances ● ENVIRONMENT --> deforestation for farm land and fuel wood - increased prevalence of malaria, women and children carrying heavy loads of fuel wood --> 186000 ha forest lost between 1990 and 2003 - damage ecosystem, decrease biodiversity, impact on tourism, peoples lose jobs, cannot afford decent food, bad health --> rising temps - floods and droughts - kills crops and livestock - famine and malnutrition - floods leave stagnant water - malaria and rift valley fever ● CONCLUSION - must improve in other MDGs, especially environment, in order to improve health |
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5. Only by ensuring the environmental sustainability of Kenya will it be possible to continue making progress on the other MDGs. Discuss. (15 marks) |
● Environment underpins all the work they do in moving towards the other MDGs ● Reliance on fuel wood - kids out of school - low skill set, lack of education on basic hygiene ● Health issues with carrying heavy loads - exposure to heat/mosquitoes ● Collecting water - stagnant - mosquitoes ● Empowerment of women - can't work if collecting fuel wood or water ● Degradation of land - food poverty - need more education on sustainable farming ● Varying climate - droughts and floods - kill crops and livestock - famine + malnutrition ● Flooding + landslides - roads impassable - cannot reach rural areas for healthcare ● Could be educated on varying climate ● Using solar power in Kibera slums - locals have been educated ● Deforestation - impact on malaria, water supply, biodiversity - impacts on tourism - people could lose income - impact on quality of life ● Short conclusion |
