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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is the dependent variable in the following hypothesis: in Canada the economy is more likely to be impacted by a change in weather, than in the US
A) Canada C) weather B) the economy D) the US |
B) the economy
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In the hypothesis the variable that is aid to "be caused" by another variable is referred to as what type of variable.
A) dependent C) epsilon B) independent D) intervening |
A) dependent
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the t-test measures whether the _______ of two groups are statistically different from each other
A) epsilons C) medians B) gammas D) means |
D) means
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In a 2-samples t-test the purpose of a grouping variable is to
A) subdivide the dependent variable into two groups B) subdivide the independent variable into more than two groups c) create an independent and dependent variable d) recode the independent variable |
A) subdivide the dependent variable into two groups
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define:
One sample t-test |
Normally distributed population, σ is unknown
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Traditionally a t-test with a significance value of ____ or ____ is considered to be statistically significant
A) .01, more C) .05, less B) .00, more D) .05, more |
C) .05, less
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a sampling frame is
a) the box from which survey participants obtain their survey from b) the list of survey questions c) instructions for case selection d) a list of all possible data to be selected |
d) a list of all possible data to be selected
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As a part of their research on Abbotsfords urban geography, a researcher identifies a group of excerpts in the field, or "key" informants and interviews them about their opinion on the city's future. this method of sampling is known as
a) judgmental b) opinion based c) snowball d) multi-stage random |
a) judgmental
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As a part of their research on the Fraser Valley water table, a UFV researcher selects a number of wells to sample for contamination. The selection is based on ease of accessibility for the researcher ie, they include all of the wells within an easy drive to UFV. this sampling method is known as:
a) snowball b) convenience c) systemic d) simple random |
b) convenience
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A researcher studying households in chilliwack is provided with a list of all housing units from city hall. in order to obtain a ten % sample from the list that includes approx 35,000 cases, they need a sample of approx 3500 households. they decide to randomly select the first case, from the first 10 cases, then continue by selecting every tenth additional case. this sampling method is known as
a)quota b) convenience c) stratified random d) systematic |
d) systematic
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which sampling method is suited to sampling frames that can be divided into multiple hierarchies
a) multi-stage random b) stratified random c) systematic d) none of the above |
a) multi-stage random
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which of t he following statistical tendencies was demonstrated in the lab dice rolling experiment
a) the distribution of sample meas produces a normal distribution b) the larger the sample size the closer are estimates of population parameters c) systemic sampling produces better results than simple random |
a) the distribution of sample meas produces a normal distribution
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which of the following statistical tendencies was demonstrated by increasing the sample size in lab 11
a) the distribution of sample means produces a normal distribution b) the larger the sample size the closer are estimates of population parameters c) the population mean is forced on the sample mean |
b) the larger the sample size the closer are estimates of population parameters
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the probability that a confidence interval does NOT include the unknown population mean is known as the ___ value
A) epsilon C) ratio B) confidence D) alpha |
d. alpha
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the wider the confidence interval the more likely t will contain the true population mean
TRUE or FALSE |
TRUE
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Non parametric tests make no assumption about an underlying distribution
TRUE or FALSE |
TRUE
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the following characteristics contribute to narrower confidence intervals
A) lower sample standard deviation B) larger sample size C) larger alpha levels D) all the above |
D) all the above
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In hypothesis testing if the test statistic exceeds the critical value the null hypothesis is REJECTED
TRUE or FALSE |
TRUE
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an analysis of variance is used to test the null hypothesis that ____ or more samples, groups or batches of data have an equal population mean
a) one b) two c) three d) four |
C) three
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in inferential statistics, unreliability increases as_____ decreases
a) sample size b) intervals c) standardization d) population |
a) sample size
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in inferential statistics unreliability increases with ____ in the sample
a. variability b. intervals c) standardization d. units of bulk density |
a. variability
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Standard error
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measurement of uncertainty, increases with the variability of the data but decreases as more data is collected
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Null hypothesis
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a statement that we hope to disprove, statement of no difference of things being equal
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Representative sample
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represents the population from which it was "sampled" from. there is enough evidence to indicate that this sample is Representative of the population
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statistical significance
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Set of data large enough to represent the population being studied. a finding is called statistically significant if the probability of its occurrence is less than 5%
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type I error
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incorrectly rejecting the null hypothesis
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type II error
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retain the null hypothesis when it is wrong
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one sample t-test
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calculates the difference between a sample mean and a hypothesized value and then considers the probability that the difference arose by chance
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two sample t-test
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used for evaluating the means of two variables, providing information whether the means between the two populations differs
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two tailed test
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non directional
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one tailed
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directional
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authentic relationship
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between the independent and the dependent variable
they way they appear is the way they actually are |
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Spurious relationships
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original relationship is fake or phoney
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Intervening relationship
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independent variable affects the test variable, which in turn influences the dependent viable
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interaction relationship
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the partial relationships are different from one another
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