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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Natural vs. Cultural Landscapes
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Natural - Deserts, trees, mountains
Cultural - Types of Farming |
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Examples of Changeable values for different times, situations, and people
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- Rats used as food in Zimbabwe
- Cows skinnier and used for sacrafice in India - Water used differently - Use of animals differs |
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Factors used to distinguish people
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Wealth
language color religion age education gender situation |
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Far and Close..
-Change of Distance perception -Accessibility |
- Speed influences distance with flights and emails making everything seem a lot closer
- Accessibility - economy, politics (N. and S. Korea) |
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Globalization elements and driving forces
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Global Communications
Global Transportation Transnational Corporations Capital Accumulation International Finance Institutions Market Economies Active Population Migration |
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Globalization Pros and Cons
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PROS - Global Commerce and wealth benefit everyone
-Leads to specialization and more efficent economy -multinational organizations CONS - gap between wealthy and poor increasing -sustainibility of local economies -modern environment problems become global -more chances of direct cultural conflict |
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World Population History:
Early / Pre-history Exponential Increase Recently Currently |
Early - stable or slow increase
Exponential - doubling at fixed rate (industrial) Recent - faster than exponential Current - around 6 billion |
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Three factors of Population Dynamics
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Natural increase- birth minus death
Age Structure- long term population variability Migration-distribution of population across the space |
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Components of a Population Pyramid
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Gender
Age Class Population Percentage Reproduction Groups Population Change Styles |
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Summary of world population distribution
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-clustered in few places
-E. Asia, S. Asia, W. Europe, E. U.S. -sparse populations in N. Africa, N. Canada, N. Asia, N. Australia, Antarctica |
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Population change in Africa, China, U.S. and Japan, Austria and Germany
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Africa - rapid increase
China - slow decrease assumed, but not yet happening U.S. - slow growth, stable W. Europe - decrease from aged society |
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Demographic transition Stages:
Stage 1 |
Stable
-agricultural age, low production effeciency and technology, poor sanitary condition, large families -high birth rate -high death rate -low natural increase - constant population |
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Demographic transition:
Stage 2 |
Fast Growth
Early Indus. age - rapidly improved production, medical condition -rapidly lowering DR - longer life expectancy -High BR - slow change of culture - High natural increase - expanding population |
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Demographic Transition:
Stage 3 |
"Slowdown" Stage
-industry age - high efficiency and production, urbanization, low labor requirement -rapidly decreasing birth rate -lowering DR -slow natural increase and population growth |
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Demographic Transition:
Stage 4 |
"low or zero increase" stage
post-industry - small family, new generation of industries, urban life -low birth rate -low death rate -balanced natural increase |
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Which stage would represent Germany or Denmark?
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Stage 4
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Which stage would represent Africa or India?
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Stage 2
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2 Types of Population Transition
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Type 1 - completed transition
-U.S., Canada, Japan, most industrialized European nations -lasted for 100-150 years Type 2 - Ongoing Transition -developing countries -introduced economic efficiency, sanitation, and medical development -death rate increased after WW2 -slow urbanization and culture transition -lower DR and higher BR |
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Push and Pull Factors of Migration
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Push - bad economy, famine, politics, religion, war, poverty
Pull - better life, government, employment |
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Spatial and Temporal Scales of Migration
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Spatial - within a nation, between nations
Temporal - seasons, environment between countries of cities |
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Immigration to new countries Pre-WW2 and Post-WW2
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Pre - colonization and invasion, Exploitation of resources, mostly from Europe, but Asia and Africa as well
Post - Less developed - more developed, more strictly controlled, traveled to new llands |
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What are examples of a state, nation, and nation-state?
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State - piece of land recognized as a political unit (ex) United States, Canada
Nation - Group of people sharing cultures (ex) Christians, Catholics Nation-State - nation and state have same boundary (ideal but rare) (ex) Japan, most people there are Japanese |
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Define Urbanization
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Move to cities, especially large cities
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Three most popular groups of religions
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Christians, Catholics, ??
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How does lack of harmony exist between a nation and a state?
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1. Ethnic Groups don't control their own land (ex) Jewish
2. Most states are multi-national 3. Micronationalism: effort of minority nations for self rule - Ireland and Quebec 4. "Boundary" is a common source of political tensions |
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Why are indexes useful for measuring social development?
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1. Life expectancy
2. Child mortality 3. Adult illiteracy Rates 4. Woman's education and employment |
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Other Indexes that could be used but are hard to measure
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1. Morally good or bad
2. how nice someone is 3. Attitude |
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Sustainable Development:
What is it? Measureable? Factors? |
-Tells how long development will last for following generations to have the same opportunities
-Measured by looking or reevaluationg developments (ex) gas-engined cars were a great invention, but now they are becoming bad for following generations in pollution Factors - environment, population, resources, economy, society |
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Definition of World Bank, IMF, and WTO
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World Bank - loans money to poor countries
IMF - Short-term loans to troubled nations WTO- lowering trade businesses |
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-Low Production
-Low Effciency -Low Technology -Poor medical and Sanitation Condition -Large Family -Insecure food supply STAGE 1-4 |
STAGE1
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-Relatively rapidly improved production
-Sanitation and Medical condition improved -More secure food supplies STAGE 1-4 |
STAGE 2
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-Longer Life expectancy
-Lower infant death -Fewer Disease Deaths -Smaller families STAGE 1-4 |
STAGE 3
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-High Birth Rate
-Slow change of culture STAGE 1-4 |
STAGE 1
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-High production efficiency
-Good sanitation and medical condition -Good urbanization -Low labor requirement -Shift of culture and human needs STAGE 1-4 |
STAGE 4
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-Small family
-New generation of industries -Urban Life STAGE 1-4 |
STAGE 4
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-Possibly Negative population increase
STAGE 1-4 |
STAGE 2
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