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128 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the different types of electromagnetic radiation?
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gama, x-ray, ultra, visible, infrared, micro, radio
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what is shortwave radiation
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sun to earth
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what is longwave radiation
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earth to sun
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What are the different types of electromagnetic radiation?
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gama, x-ray, ultra, visible, infrared, micro, radio
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what is insolation
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solar radiation reaching earth
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what is shortwave radiation
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sun to earth
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what is the solar constantq
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1370 watts/m squared
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what is longwave radiation
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earth to sun
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how much insolation does earth receive
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69%
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what is insolation
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solar radiation reaching earth
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how much radiant energy does earth lose to outer space
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31%
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what is the solar constantq
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1370 watts/m squared
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how much insolation is reflected to space?
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31%
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how much insolation does earth receive
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69%
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how much insolation is absorbed by the atmosphere
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24%
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how much radiant energy does earth lose to outer space
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31%
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how much radiant energy is emitted by earths surface?
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118
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how much insolation is reflected to space?
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31%
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how much insolation is absorbed by the atmosphere
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24%
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how much radiant energy is emitted by earths surface?
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118
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how much radiant energy escapes to space?
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8
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how much radiant energy is absorbed in the atmosphere
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110
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how much radiant energy is emitted by the atmosphere?
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157
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how much radiant energy escapes to space?
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61
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how much radiant energy is absorbed by earths surface
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96
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what is the radiant energy balance for the earths surface?
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118
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what is the radiant energy balance for the atmosphere
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157
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how is sensible heat transferred from the surface to the atmosphere
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conduction
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how is latent heat transferred from the surface to the atmosphere
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evaporation
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how are clouds a sign of energy transfer from the surface to the atmosphere
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evaporation
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what are GHGs
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co2 and methan
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what is the GH effect
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keeps planet warmer
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how are humans influencing the GH effect?
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coal/petrolium
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what are the trade winds?
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north easterly winds in the northern hemisphere around the equator or south easterly winds in the southern hemisphere
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why are large deserts found at approximately 30 degrees north or south?
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they push the air away
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what are hadley cells
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circles of clouds formed by winds on top of the equator
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hadley cells are more northern in what season
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summer
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what is the polar jet stream? what type of low pressure system is created by changes in the speed and direction of the polar jet stream
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weak winds because there is much less energy from the sun.
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what are the earth systems?
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input, output, storage
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natirual regions
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LAHBP: litho atmo hydro bio pedo
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capricorn
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23.5 degrees s
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cancer
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23.5 degrees n
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arctic/antarctic
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66.5 degrees
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latitude vs longitude
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lat- 0-90
long 0-180 |
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low latitudes
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topics
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mid latitudes
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mid latitudes
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high latitudes
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arctics
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what is matter
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mass that takes up space
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object
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chunk of matter
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law of conservation of mass
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mass cannot be made or destroyed
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how much of atmospheres mass found above earths surface at 5.5 km
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50%
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how much of atmospheres mass found above earths surface at 11 km
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75%
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how much of atmospheres mass found above earths surface at 16.5 km
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87.5
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how does density of the atmosphere change as altitude increases
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decreases
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why does atmospheric density change as altitude rises
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weight of air particles pushing down is less
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composition of the atmosphere
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nitrogen, oxygen, argon
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is ozone good or bad
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both
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what is the ozone layer
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stratospheric ozone (good ish baby) it blocks uv rays
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what did f sherwood rowland and mario molina do?
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figured out that cfcs break down good ozone
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Does Ben Dunning love the Green Bay Packers
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Abso-fuckin-lutely
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how much of atmospheres mass found above earths surface at 5.5 km
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50%
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how much of atmospheres mass found above earths surface at 11 km
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75%
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how much of atmospheres mass found above earths surface at 16.5 km
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87.5
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how does density of the atmosphere change as altitude increases
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decreases
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why does atmospheric density change as altitude rises
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weight of air particles pushing down is less
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composition of the atmosphere
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nitrogen, oxygen, argon
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is ozone good or bad
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both
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what is the ozone layer
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stratospheric ozone (good ish baby) it blocks uv rays
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what did f sherwood rowland and mario molina do?
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figured out that cfcs break down good ozone
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Does Ben Dunning love the Green Bay Packers
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Abso-fuckin-lutely
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what do cfcs do to the ozone?
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they break down the molecules of the ozone
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what is the montreal protocol
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prohibited cfcs in the air
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how and why does the co2 content of the atmosphere vary from season to season
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because plants grow at different times. more co2 in the air when plants are dying
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how do we know co2 has changed da werld
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because of the icecores depleting
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whaty is energy
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ability to do work
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what is kinetic energy
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energy of motion (heat)
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what is potential energy
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stored energy (chemical)
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what is the 1st law of thermodynamics
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energy isn't created or destroyed just changes forms
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what is the 2nd law of thermodynamics
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energy trys to flow away from concentration
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what is the sun made of
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helium and hydrogen nuclear fusion
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what emits emr e
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everything warmer than absolute 0 or negative 273 celsius
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what is the electromagnetic spectrum
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visible light to humans
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what does dimming do to our temps
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lowers them
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how is dimming caused
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pollution makes clouds brighter which reflects rays
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how did we figure out about dimming
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evaporation was slowing down
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what is the sun angle
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the angle the sun is hitting you
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whats the subsolar point/declination
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sun is hitting at 90%
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how is energy balance of the zones maintained
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marine currents
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when are the solstices
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summer- june 20
fall sep 22 sprin mar 20 winter dec 21 |
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aphelion
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earth farthest from sun 153 mil km
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perihelion
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earth closest to the sun 147 mil km jan 3q
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whats earths axis tilt
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23.5
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what does the north pole always point to
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polaris
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explain the vertical temp structure of the troposphere
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gets colder by 6.4 degrees per km until its to -57 degrees then it gets warmer
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which month is the warmest? coldest?
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july, january
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marine effect
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distributes heat
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true or false temp over land increases slowly and is cool
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FALSE
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true or false temp over water increases and decreses slowly and is cool
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true
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why is higher elevation colder?
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thinner air
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where on earth are the greatest annual temp ranges found?
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northern hemisphere over land
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what explains the global patterns of annual temp ranges
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tilt/marine effect
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how can water change phases
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sublimation deposition, freeze/melt, evap/condensation
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absorbing energy in terms of water changing does what to its temp
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gets hotter
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what is humidity
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water vapor in the air
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what are the main sources of humidity on earth?
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heat energy/evaportaion
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what is saturation
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100% humidity
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as temp goes down humidity goes
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up
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whats a cloud
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water particles
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what are the types of clouds
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low, middle, high, vertical
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higher the cloud the ____ the puff
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more
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what phase changes end up in clouds?
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condensations and deposition
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what is needed for clouds to form?
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saturdated air and condensation
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what is adiabatic cooling?
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cooling due to expansion, rising = cooling
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what are the dry and moist adiabatic rates?
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1 degree-dry
.6 degrees celsius- wet |
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how does adiabatic cooling lead to clouds?
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air rises to due point and forms a cloud
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what conditions are necessary for clouds to make precip?
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saturdated air and rising air
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whats a frontal life
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winds of opposite pressures interacting with clouds of opposite pressures
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what is a convergent lifting
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high pressures hitting each other making low go up
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whats a hurricane
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shitzton of low pressure
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orographic lifting
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lifting because of a mountain or some shit
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convective lifting
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the field is hot? so shit goes up
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whats the atmospheric pressure?
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14.7 punds per square inch
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how and why does atmorephic pressure vary with altitude
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less pressure as it goes up
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low pressure at surface = ___ temp
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warm
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high pressure at surface = ___ temp
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cold
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low pressure = more or less winds
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more
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what is the equatorial low?
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trade winds
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why is the itcz characterized by cloudy conditions and high amounts of precip
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high humidity and low pressure dawg.
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