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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the 3 states of water?
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-Water Vapor -Water -Ice
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What is the name for the energy, which is absorbed when water changes state? |
Gelatin Heat |
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What is the hydrosphere? |
The total volume of water on earth(remains constant) |
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Where is the most water found in the hydrosphere ? |
In the worlds ocean (97.2%) |
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What is evaporation? |
Conversion from liquid water to water vapor |
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Is energy absorbed? (evaporation) |
Absorbed |
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What is condensation? |
The conversion of water vapor to liquid water |
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Is energy absorbed? (condensation) |
Released |
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What are the 3 measures of humidity? |
1) Specific 2) Absolute 3) Relative |
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How do the 3 measures of humidity differ? |
1) Specific- It measures the mass (g/kg) 2) Absolute- measures the volume (g/m3) 3) Relative- RH is the % of saturation of the air (100%) *RH changes w/temp changes* |
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Give 2 ways in which RH could increase. |
1) The cooling of the air 2) "Adding more water/moisture" |
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When air is holding all the water vapor it's capable of holding at a given temperature, it is______, with water vapor. |
Saturated |
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The temperature in which this occurs is called____? |
The dew point temperature |
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Explain the relationship between RH and temperature |
The temperature goes up, RH goes down -Temperature goes down, RH goes up |
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About what time of the day would there be maximum evaporation? |
In the late afternoon |
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What would the RH be like? High or Low? |
Low, because the hotter the less RH |
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What is the difference between dew & frost? |
Dew- reaches the air @ 100%, and expands surfaces Frost- Condensation on exposed surfaces. (Which are below freezing (32) in temp) |
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What do farmers use do in order to prevent frost? |
The use smudge pots & wind machines to get warm air, and avoid frost. |
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How is rain formed in low latitudes? |
Collision & coalescence |
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How is rain formed in high latitudes? |
Bergeron Process |
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How is snow formed? |
Bergeron Proces, ice crystals form & grow in clouds below freezing |
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What is sleet? |
small rain drop freeze into ice before hitting the surface |
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What is glaze? |
"freezing rain" small raindrops turn into ice when they hit a freezing object (power lines etc) |
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What is hail? |
cloud particles grow into hail by freezing, melting, and refreezing while in tall cumulonimbus clouds |
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what are inversions? |
When temperature increases with an increase in elevation |
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List the 3 inversions |
1) Radiation- land emits long wave radiation as it cools on a cold evening 2) Advectional- cools ocean air blows toward the land (sea breeze) 3) Cold air drainage- cold air slides down a valley slope @ night/sunset |
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Upper air inversion? |
When high pressure cells its over and area, the air warms as it sinks |
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What are 3 other precipitation process? |
1) orographic 2) frontal 3) convergence |
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what type of rainfall (storm) is mostly associated with the convection process? |
Thunderstorms (1st comes lighting, then thunderstorms happen) |
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Identify the process whereby unstable air rises and produces rain? |
convection |
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What are the 4 types of fog? |
1) Radiation- forms when the ground cools @ sunset & heat radiates from the surface 2)Advection- forms when air cools over a cold current especially along the West Coast of continents 3)Orographic (upslope)- forms when air cools as it rises up a mountain 4) Evaporation(steam)- forms when warm air above a warm body of water rises into cooler air above & reaches air |
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Which type is most common along the coast? |
Advection |
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Which type is most common above a large body of water in the late fall? |
Evaporation
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What is stability? |
Stable air (wants to stay still) |
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What is instability? |
pockets of air are warmer then surrounding -(convection) |