Geo205 Chp.1,2&3

Front 1

this is the study of where things are found on Earth's surface and the reason for their locations.

Back 1

Geography

Front 2

is a two-dimensional or flat-scale model of Earth's surface, or a portion of it.

Back 2

Map

Front 3

the science of mapmaking

Back 3

Cartography

Front 4

the acquisition of data about Earth's surface from a satellite orbiting Earth's or from other long-distance methods

Back 4

Remote Sensing

Front 5

the system that accurately determines the precise position of something on Earth.

Back 5

Global Positioning System(GPS)

Front 6

is a computer system that captures. stores, queries, analyzes, and displays geographic data.

Back 6

Geographic Information System(GIS)

Front 7

a specific point on Earth distinguished by a particular characteristic and occupies an unique location, or position on Earth's surface

Back 7

Place

Front 8

An area of Earth defined by one or more distinctive characteristic

Back 8

Region

Front 9

this is the relationship between the portion of Earth being studied and Earth as a whole and can be thought at many levels, from local to global.

Back 9

Scale

Front 10

refers to the physical gap or interval between two or objects.

Back 10

Space

Front 11

this is the single most important data source for human geographers

Back 11

Census

Front 12

this depicts the size of countries according to population rather than land area, as in the case with most maps

Back 12

Cartogram

Front 13

this is the total number of objects in an area and in population geography this refers to the total number of people divided by the total land area

Back 13

Arithmetic Density

Front 14

in a region, this is the number of people supported by a unit area of arable land (land suited for agriculture)

Back 14

Physiological Density

Front 15

the total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society

Back 15

Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

Front 16

the total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society.

Back 16

Crude Death Rate (CDR)

Front 17

is the percentage by which a population grows in a year.

Back 17

Natural Increase Rate (NIR)

Front 18

is the number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate and natural increase.

Back 18

Doubling Time

Front 19

Geographers use this to measure the number of births in a society.

Back 19

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

Front 20

is the annual number of deaths of infants under one year of age, compared with total live births.

Back 20

Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)

Front 21

this measures the average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live at current mortality levels at birth.

Back 21

Life expectancy

Front 22

shows the percentage of the total population in fiver-year age groups, with the youngest group (0-4) at the base of the pyramid and the oldest group at the top

Back 22

Population pyramid

Front 23

the ratio of the number of people who are too young or too old to work compared to the number of people in their productive years

Back 23

Dependency ratio

Front 24

the number of males per 100 females in the population

Back 24

Sex Ratio

Front 25

the change in society's population from high crude birth and death rates and low rate of natural increase to a condition of low birth crude birth and death rates, low rate of natural increase, and higher total population

Back 25

Demographic transition

Front 26

very high birth and death rates produce virtually no long term natural increase

Back 26

Stage 1: Low Growth

Front 27

rapidly declining death rates and very high birth rates produce very high natural increase

Back 27

Stage 2: High Growth

Front 28

began in the UK in the late 18th century and diffused to the European continent and North America (including U.S) during the 19th century

Back 28

Industrial Revolution

Front 29

the late 20th century push of developing countries into stage 2 caused by this

Back 29

Medical Revolution

Front 30

birth rates rapidly decline, death rates continue to decline, and natural increase rates begin to moderate

Back 30

Stage 3: Decreasing Growth

Front 31

very low birth and death rates produce virtually no long term natural increase and possibly a decrease

Back 31

Stage 4: Low Growth

Front 32

this is a condition in which a country reaches stage 4 of the demographic transition when the CBR declines to the point where it equals the CDR and the NIR approaches zero

Back 32

Zero Population Growth

Front 33

moving from one place to another

Back 33

Migration

Front 34

moving outside the country

Back 34

Emigration

Front 35

moving inside the country

Back 35

Immigration

Front 36

subtracting the amount of immigrants from the amount of emigrants

Back 36

Net Migration

Front 37

a permanent move from one country to another

Back 37

International Migration

Front 38

implies that the migrant has chosen to move, especially for economic improvement

Back 38

Voluntary Migration

Front 39

means that the migrant has been compelled to move, especially by political or environmental factors

Back 39

Forced Migration

Front 40

a permanent move within the same country

Back 40

Internal Migration

Front 41

net migration from urban to rural areas

Back 41

counterurbanization

Front 42

induces people to move out of their present location

Back 42

Push Factor

Front 43

induces people to move into a new location

Back 43

Pull Factor

Front 44

being forced to migrate to another country to avoid the effects of armed conflict, situations of generalized violence, violations of human rights, or other disasters and cannot return for fear of persecution because of race, religion, nationality, membership in a social group or political opinion

Back 44

Refugees

Front 45

Germany and other wealthy European countries operated this program mainly during the 1960s and 1970s.

Back 45

Guest Workers

Front 46

An environmental or political feature that hinders migration

Back 46

Intervening Obstacles

Front 47

maximum limits on the number of people who could immigrate to the U.S during a one-year period

Back 47

Quotas

Front 48

a large-scale emigration by talented people

Back 48

Brain Drain

Front 49

the migration of people to a specific location because relatives or members of the same nationality previously migrated there

Back 49

Chain Migration

Front 50

those who immigrate to the U.S illegally that are entering without proper documents

Back 50

Unauthorized Immigrants