Geo Lab Final Review

Front 1

Body Fossil

Back 1

The remains of all or part of the organism

Front 2

Examples of body fossils

Back 2

Dinosaur bones, mold, petrified wood,

Front 3

Trace Fossil

Back 3

Evidence of an organism’s behavior or activity

Front 4

Examples of trace fossils

Back 4

Footprint, cast, coprolite

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Conditions that promote fossilization

Back 5

Low energy environment,

Fine grained sediment

Rapid burial

Possession of hard body parts

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Permineralization

Back 6

Minerals that are deposited in pores (fossilized bones)

Front 7

Total replacement (fossils)

Back 7

Original molecules are replaced on an atom-by-atom scale.

Front 8

Petrified wood is an example of which type of fossil?

Back 8

Total replacement

Front 9

Name examples of fossilization without alteration

Back 9

Insect in amber, frozen mammoth

Front 10

Mold (fossil)

Back 10

A fossil enclosed in sediment dissolved and the sediment hardens

Front 11

Cast (fossil)

Back 11

Forms when a mold is filled with sediment, which then hardens

Front 12

Cladistics

Back 12

Method to classify living things into groups based on evolutionary ancestry

Front 13

Cladogram

Back 13

A diagram of evolutionary relationships within a group (class) descended from a common ancestor

Front 14

Characteristics of an index fossils

Back 14

Abundant

Geographically wide ranging

Readily preserved

Short lived (specific interval of geological time)

Useful for estimating the relative ages of rock bearing fossils

Helpful in correlating rocks bearing similar fossils.

Front 15

Latitude

Back 15

Rings around the earth parallel to the equator

90 deg. S & 90 deg. N around the equator

Front 16

Longitude

Back 16

Circles that pass through both poles (meridians)

180 deg. E & 180 deg. w

Front 17

Contour lines

Back 17

Lines that connect all points of equal elevation on the land surface

Front 18

Contour interval

Back 18

The difference in elevation between adjacent contour lines

Front 19

Relief

Back 19

The difference in elevation between local high and low spots

Front 20

Rules obeyed by contour lines

Back 20

They do not run into a body of standing water

Contour lines do not cross one another

All contour lines are closed loops

Contour lines point, or “V” upstream

Front 21

Closely spaced contour lines

Back 21

Represent a Steep slops

Front 22

Widely spaced contour lines

Back 22

Represent a gentle slope

Front 23

Strike slip fault

Back 23

Movement of the footwall and the hanging wall blocks is parallel to the strike of the fault plane

Front 24

Dip slip fault

Back 24

Movement of the footwall and the hanging wall blocks is parallel to the dip direction of the fault plane

Front 25

Compressional stress

Back 25

Folding, reverse faulting, thrust faulting

Front 26

Tensions stress

Back 26

Normal faulting

Front 27

Shearing stresses

Back 27

Left and right lateral strike slip faulting

Front 28

Characteristics of folded rocks:

Back 28

Hard, brittle, may fold and break if the stress is applied slowly and continuously over a very long period of time.

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Syncline

Back 29

Limbs dip towards the axial plane.

Front 30

Anticline

Back 30

Limbs dip away from the axial plane

Front 31

Plunging syncline

Back 31

A syncline in which the fold axis is dipping

Front 32

Plunging anticline

Back 32

An anticline in which the fold axis is dipping

Front 33

Synclines and anticlines May be:

Back 33

Symmetrical

Asymmetrical

Plunging

Overturned

Front 34

Geologic map

Back 34

Contains geologic units & structures displayed upon a topographic base

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Formation

Back 35

A distinctive body of rock that is large enough to symbolize on. Geologic map

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Unconformity

Back 36

A buried surface of erosion

Front 37

Disconformity

Back 37

Layers below and above the unconformity are parallel, having the same strike and dip figure (no tilting)

Front 38

Disconformity

Back 38

Layers below and above the unconformity are parallel, having the same strike and dip figure (no tilting)

Front 39

Angular unconformity

Back 39

Layers below and above the unconformity are not parallel, they have different strikes and and dips.

Front 40

Nonconformity

Back 40

The upper beds lie upon metamorphic or intrusive igneous rock

Front 41

Stress

Back 41

Force per unit area, which causes strain (rock deformation)

Front 42

Strain

Back 42

Results when rocks are bent, broken, compressed, or moved by stress that exceeds rock stress.

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Strike

Back 43

The compass direction or a horizontal line on a tilted plane

Front 44

Dip

Back 44

The acute angle between a tilted plane and a horizontal plane, measured perpendicular to the strike.

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Fault

Back 45

A break in the earth

Front 46

Normal fault

Back 46

Fault in which the fault surface dips towards the structurally lowered side

Front 47

Reverse fault

Back 47

The fault plane dips toward the structurally elevated side

Front 48

Thrust fault

Back 48

Have low dip angles

Front 49

Slickenslide fault

Back 49

Have low dip angles (45 deg. Or lower) and often have significant displacements