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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
A fault is simply a crack in a rock?
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. false
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A fault that cuts both a fold and an igneous intrusion proves the intrusion is older than the fold?
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false
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About how large was the largest recorded earthquake?
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9.5
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About how many years old did Bishop Ussher believe the Earth to be?
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6000
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Aerobic bacteria appear in the geologic record more than 1 billion years ago?
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true
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An eroded syncline has the oldest rocks outcropping near the fold axis?
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false
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Carbon 14 would be a good method to assign ages to fossil organisms from the Cambrian?
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false
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Dip is measured in degrees east of north?
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false
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Ductile deformation is common in the deep crust and mantle?
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true
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Faults are expressions of brittle deformation?
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true
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From longest to shortest, order the divisions of geologic time:
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eon, era, period, epoch
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Hominids and dinosauria overlapped in time?
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false
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If you drill horizontally far enough through a hanging wall in both directions, you will reach the footwall (along one of the two directions)?
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true
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In a normal fault, the hanging wall moves up relative to the foot wall?
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false
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In which rock types would you be most likely to find a fossil?
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sedimentary
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In which tectonic setting would you most expect normal faulting?
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divergent boundary
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Insects predate mammals?
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true
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Justin is likely to ask questions about reverse and strike-slip faults, not just normal faults?
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true
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Lord Kelvin thought the Earth was relatively young based on?
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heat flow
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Meteorites were used to estimate the age of the Earth using cross-cutting relationships?
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false
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Motion of fault blocks is parallel to the fault?
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true
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Mountains are anticlines and valleys are synclines?
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false
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Normal faults are the product of which type of stress?
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tension
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Normal faults result in horizontal?
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extension
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Organisms with hard parts became common in the Archean
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false
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Oxygen in the atmosphere has been pretty much constant throughout Earth's history?
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false
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Prokaryotes appeared before eukaryotes?
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true
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Rocks above the brittle-ductile transition are more likely to behave?
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in a brittle fashion
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Slickensides are evidence of fault motion?
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true
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The amplitude of ground motion of a magnitude 6 earthquake is how large compared to a magnitude 5?
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ten times larger
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The Cambrian explosion refers to a massive meteorite impact?
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false
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The diversity and number of species and genera on Earth has been continuously and steadily increasing through the last 500 Ma?
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false
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The largest mass extinction that we know of was the KT boundary?
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false
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The limbs dip away from the axis of which kind of fold?
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anticline
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The radiometric age (age estimated by dating using radioactive isotopes) of a rock isn't affected by metamorphism?
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false
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The Richter scale is a measure of earthquake damage?
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false
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Two isotopes of the same element differ in the number of?
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neutrons
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What are stromatolites?
a. drip deposits hanging down from a cave roof b. drip deposits reaching up from a cave floor c. living communities of organisms d. concretions deposited in rock cavities |
none of the above
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What is an unconformity?
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evidence of missing time in the rock record
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What is the approximate depth of the brittle-ductile transition?
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10 km
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What is the final daughter product of Uranium decay?
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Lead
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What is the half-life of a radioactive isotope?
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the time it takes for half of the original amount to decay
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When did fish first appear in the fossil record?
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Ordovician
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Which of the following is not a type of stress?
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surface
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Which of the following is unlikely to be a good key bed?
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a thin layer of extrusive igneous rock
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Which of the following makes ductile deformation LESS likely?
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increasing strain rate
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Which type of unconformity is the erosional surface between parallel sets of sedimentary strata?
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disconformity
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Earth is ~4.5 Ga (billion years) old
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true
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Oldest fossils are about 3.5 Ga
and they are: |
Prokaryotes
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Prokaryotes (“before nuts”)
has a nucleus |
false
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Eukarotes (“good nuts”)
has a nucleus |
true
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what are Stromatolites
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Sedimentary structure consisting of laminated carbonate or silicate rocks produced by sediment trapped, bound and/or precipitated by microorganims, primary cyanobacteria (blue-green algae)
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