Geo Ch 25- Quiz 6

Front 1

Balance of Trade

Back 1

The difference in value between the total exports & total imports of a nation during a specific period of time.

Front 2

ID Paul Tibbets

Back 2

In 1937, when he was 22, Tibbets joined the air force. A talented and courageous pilot, he survived B-17 bombing missions in France and Germany. He was sent to the US to prepare to lead B-29
missions, as the bigger faster planes became available. When the atomic bomb was developed,
Tibbets was selected to lead the raid on Hiroshima, and when the bomb was dropped 78,000 people were killed, but the war soon ended.

Front 3

The Reciprocal Trade Agreement Act of 1934 was engineered by Secretary of State,
Cordell Hull (under FDR), and allowed the President to reduce the nation’s high tariffs if other countries did the same. Over 22 countries signed treaties with the US, and there were impressive results. American exports to Latin America alone XXXXX between 1933 and 1940.

Back 3

doubled

Front 4

In 1933, the Nye Committee investigated the US decision to send troops to WW I. The
committee determined, with no tangible proof, that XXXXXXXXX were responsible for the American entry into the First World War. The committee concluded that once again munitions makers,
bankers, and financiers were trying to push the US into European conflicts, for their own profits.

Back 4

“merchants of death” and greed

Front 5

(Multiple Choice) The Neutrality Act of 1937 was a way for Congress to avoid
(A) a complete trade ban for foreign nations.
(B) any further involvement in European affairs.
(C) trade agreements with warring nations.
(D) the issue of European World War I debt.

Back 5

(A) a complete trade ban for foreign nations.

Front 6

Please discuss President Roosevelt’s 1937 speech in Chicago, called the “quarantine
speech,” and the reaction of the majority of the American people to it.

Back 6

He likened war to a disease which required that a quarantine be setup. FDR saw that aggression in Europe and Asia was a danger to the US. The speech while not calling for any specific action, caused a wave of protest from peace groups, and Congress did not back FDR up. The lesson that FDR took from this was that the American people wanted to ignore the rest of the world.

Front 7

Between 1931 and 1939, what acts of aggression were committed by Japan, Italy, and Germany (who after they signed a treaty became known as the Axis countries).

Back 7

In 1931, Japan invaded and conquered Manchuria. In 1935, Italy conquered Ethiopia. In 1936
Germany re-occupied and militarized the Rhineland in direct defiance of the Versailles Treaty. In 1937 Japan attacked China itself. In 1938 Germany forced Austria to unite with them, when Hitler declared all German speaking people should be under his government and in 1939 Germany absorbed Czechoslovakia, and attacked Poland. WW II had begun in earnest.

Front 8

By 1940 what act by the Congress and the President showed that they were aware of the danger to America from aggression and conquest in Europe and Asia? What happened a year later that
showed how divided Americans were over the issue of war?

Back 8

In 1940 Congress passed the Selective Service Act, which was the first peace time draft or conscription of young men for military service in American History. Thousands, and then millions of men were “Called Up.” In the next year, however, when the draft was extended, it passed by only one vote in Congress.

Front 9

ID “Lend-lease”

Back 9

Passed by Congress in March of 1941, it conferred upon the President the power to lend or lease any equipment to any nation whose defense he considered necessary to the defense of the United States. Under the act and its renewals over $50 billion in military supplies was given away.

Front 10

The Battle of Britain was significant because
(A) it was the first decisive battle in history fought solely in the air.
(B) first air battle that saw radar used.
(C) was the first significant defeat of Germany in the first two years of the war.
(D) all of the above.

Back 10

(D) all of the above.

Front 11

FDR was determined to aid Britain, and American destroyers and destroyer escorts
began to try to protect British ships bringing supplies to the British Isles in 1941. American Naval vessels, including the XXXXXX were sunk by German submarines. Roosevelt the ordered XXXXX entering America into a full-fledged economic war against Germany.

Back 11

Reuben James , ships to
shoot-on-sight

Front 12

Responding to Japanese aggression in China, the factor that led directly to
Japan’s bombing of Pearl Harbor was Roosevelt’s announcement of a
(A) shoot-on-sight policy toward Japan.
(B) stop to all economic loans to Japan.
(C) trade embargo against Japan.
(D) toothless series of proclamations about Japan.

Back 12

(C) trade embargo against Japan.

Front 13

With regard to the potential attack on Pearl Harbor, President Roosevelt
(A) had no clue about it.
(B) received decoded messages giving information that an attack was imminent.
(C) received only a slight bit of garbled information that an attack was imminent.
(D) received improper military advice.

Back 13

(B) received decoded messages giving information that an attack was imminent.

Front 14

What happened to Japanese- Americans living on the West Coast of the United States
after Pearl Harbor?

Back 14

FDR signed Executive Order 9066 in February 1942, authorizing the internment of all Japanese- Americans in “relocation camps.” There was no rational basis for this order, since a military survey
proved Japanese-Americans posed no threat to the nation’s security. However, racial prejudice and political pressure from the West, especially California, stimulated the President to send dispossessed
Japanese-Americans to barren prison camps.

Front 15

The Allies were Britain, Russia (the U.S.S.R.), and America (the U.S.A.). By 1942,
they disagreed over their strategy against Hitler’s Germany. What was their disagreement, and how was the
dispute resolved?

Back 15

Russia stood virtually alone against 5 million German troops in their country, fighting for their lives and homes. The only British combat troops opposing the Germans were in North Africa. Russia wanted British and American troops to immediately start a “second front” in France, to take the pressure off Russia. However, FDR listened to Winston Churchill, the British Prime Minister, and landed another army in North Africa.

Front 16

In 1942 and early 1943 there were three battles that marked the turning point of WW
II in favor of the Allies and away from the Germans and Japanese. These battles were: XXXXXXXXXXX.

Back 16

the Battle of Midway (June, 1942):
where American naval aircraft sank 4 of Japan’s 6 large aircraft carriers, halting Japan’s advance in the Pacific.

El-Alamein (October, 1942): Where the British halted
Germans attacks in North Africa, and eventually cleared them out of N. Africa with American help;
Stalingrad (Aug. 21, 1942 - Jan. 31, 1943) where the Germans lost over 200,000 men killed or
captured, and the defending Russians lost 500,000, but advanced 100 miles and more

Front 17

How did the Germans try to “starve the British into submission”?

Back 17

By the use of submarines, as they had done in WW I. Advances in technology made German U-boats much more effective than they had been in WW I, and at first, they sank ships faster than new ones could be built.

Front 18

Prior to WW II, women had been discriminated against in XXXXX, and those who
did work outside the home found service-sector jobs in occupations such as teaching, nursing, and house
cleaning. The removal of millions of men to the military opened the doors of XXXXX to women, who took these jobs, often at less pay than men, as a way to earn money and as a contribution to the war effort.

Back 18

factory work, industrial work

Front 19

During WW II the wages of American workers grew twice as fast as
inflation, but the factories were producing tanks, planes, and uniforms, not cars, washers, and dresses, so
the American people spent the most of their money on
(A) real estate.
(B) beer, wine, and liquor.
(C) movies, recordings, and cosmetics.
(D) none of the above.

Back 19

(C) movies, recordings, and cosmetics.

Front 20

During the 1940’s, African-Americans became predominantly a/an
(A) urban population.
(B) Sun Belt population.
(C) migrant labor force.
(D) skilled, unionized labor force.

Back 20

(A) urban population.

Front 21

While the State Department disallowed Jewish immigration, the Nazis sent people to
concentration camps, where they were starved, gassed, and cremated. The only thing that Jewish people and other called “undesirable” by the Nazis – such as gays and gypsies – could do was wait for liberation by Allied troops. By the time Russian troops reached Auschwitz in 1945, the Nazis had exterminated XXXX

Back 21

9 million people.

Front 22

How did America receive the Jews fleeing persecution in Germany and Europe?
And, how did the American Government react when initial reports of the Holocaust – the mass murder of Jews by the Nazis – reached the United States?

Back 22

The American Government had known of Hitlers persecution of Jews for years, but officials consistently refused to admit Jewish refugees to the U.S. Anti-Semitism was strong in the U.S. News of the Holocaust was initially discounted as exaggerated by American officials, and nothing was done to stop the mass murder, such as bombing the railroads or the death camps.

Front 23

Movement of Afro-Americans and Mexican-Americans into cities for war work
helped engender over 240 ethnically based riots. Among the worst of these
(A) the “race war” riot in Detroit.
(B) “Zoot Suit” riots in Los Angeles.
(C) both (A) and (B).
(D) neither (A) nor (B).

Back 23

(C) both (A) and (B).

Front 24

The invasion of France, called D Day, took place on June 6, 1944, at
(A) Normandy.
(B) Pas de Calais.
(C) Paris.
(D) Antwerp.

Back 24

(A) Normandy.

Front 25

What happened at the “Battle of the Bulge” in the winter of 1944-45?

Back 25

Hitler ordered a counter-attack to capture the Allies essential supply port at Antwerp, Belgium. The Germans drove 55 miles into American lines before being stopped at Bastogne. More than 70,000 troops were killed -- more Americans than any other battle of the war. But the Nazis lost 100,000 men and hundreds of tanks, fatally depleting Hitler’s armed forces.

Front 26

As the US pressed forward in their Pacific offensives, the Japanese resistance grew
exceedingly fierce. At Tarawa, the Japanese fought to the death and only XX of 3000 Japanese defenders were left alive to surrender. The strong response of the Japanese made US commanders realize that an invasion of Japan itself would cost hundreds of thousands of casualties.

Back 26

17

Front 27

During the American attack for the re-capture of the Philippines and during the American invasion of Okinawa, how did the Japanese navy and air forces try to counter the United States’ overwhelming superiority in ships and aircraft?

Back 27

The Japanese navy and air forces ordered 100’s of suicide pilots to attack American ships. They caused terrible destruction, but the American fleet prevailed.

Front 28

After the two atomic bombs were dropped, Emperor Hirohito told the Japanese people to
XXXXX. These were the first public words ever broadcast by the emperor. His subjects were loyal and XXXXX

Back 28

cease fighting
laid down their arms, and on Sept, 2, 1945, the Japanese formally surrendered.

Front 29

What was the condition of the surviving prisoners at Buchloe?

Back 29

They were "three quarters starved"

Front 30

How many dead did the American soldiers find?

Back 30

They were hundreds, "little more than skeletons"

Front 31

How did General Maxwell Taylor, the commander of the 101st Airborne Division react to his troops finding the concentration camp?

Back 31

" . . .so incensed by the sight of the camp that he had declared martial law and ordered
everyone from 14 to 80 years of age to be rounded up and sent to the camp, to bury the bodies and clean it up."

Front 32

How did some of the Germans forced onto the burial detail react?

Back 32

Some were still vomiting when they returned home from the work.

Front 33

What did Major Richard Winters realize after seeing the prisoners in the camp?

Back 33

"Now, I know why I am here!"

Front 34

How does the soldier named Frank react to the discovery of the concentration camp?

Back 34

He runs back to where the Americans are, and tries desperately to find an officer. When the major asks what he has found, Frank says “I don't know”.

Front 35

What instructions does Major Winters give to his men after they enter the camp?

Back 35

"All right, boys, these people need care. Give them water and any spare rations you might have. Grab me some blankets. Quick!"

Front 36

What did the German guards do before they retreated from the camp, the morning before the Americans arrived?

Back 36

They burned part of the camp and burned some prisoners alive, and then shot many
prisoners until they ran low on ammunition.

Front 37

When the Major Winters asks them what kind of camp it is, how does the prisoner reply?

Back 37

He says it's a work camp, and that the prisoners are there because they are Jews, Gypsies, or Poles.

Front 38

Besides the horror or the dead, dying, and starving prisoners, what other terrible sight do the Americans see when they first enter the camp?

Back 38

In the living quarters, where the prisoners were packed in, some are so weak they can't
get up to come out, and the stench is so bad that the soldiers are almost overcome.

Front 39

What does the American soldier charged with collecting food do, when the German baker loudly
objects to the troops taking all his goods?

Back 39

He tells him to shut up, and then draws his .45 caliber automatic pistol and threatens the German. The soldier swears at the German, and asks him if he ever smelled the stench from the camp? This happened time and again when US troops found the camps, no Nazis could be found, and everyone claimed that they didn't know about the nearby camp.

Front 40

What happens when the regimental commander, Major Winters' superior arrives at the camp?

Back 40

He brings the chief regimental surgeon or doctor with him, who tells the major: "We need to stop giving these men food right now. They're starving. We give them too much to eat too quickly; they'll eat themselves to death. We need to keep them in camp until we find a place for them in town. ... We need to keep them centralized, so we can supervise their food intake and medical treatment."

Front 41

How does Captain Nixon react, when Major Winters tells him that the Allies were finding camps like
the one they found all over Germany, and that the Russians found one a lot worse?

Back 41

The captain can't believe that there are any worse than the one they found. However, the
major explains that there were death camps, where people were exterminated.