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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are maps? |
Geographical representations of the earth's surface. |
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What do maps do? |
Maps illustrate what we know about the world. -navigation -communication |
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Why is the source important when considering maps? |
This info helps us know what they found important. |
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What are the three elements of maps? |
Scale - relative size of the earth to the map Projection - how the land is stretched Symbology - codes expressing features and phenomenon. |
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How many ice ages were there and when was the last one? |
5 ice ages 10k years ago |
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What is Isostatic rebound? |
When glaciers advance. |
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What is the process of ice ages? |
Advance, recess, re-advance. |
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What are lost rivers? |
Term given to water course that ran beneath the surface of cities. |
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What is the act of daylighting? |
The act of bringing rivers above ground. |
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What are the pros and cons of daylighting? |
Pros? Development space Cities can expand Space is maximized Cons? Loss of habitat Loss of biodiversity Urban heat island effect Storm surges |
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What are the three watersheds and where are they located? |
1 Humber (left) 2 Don Valley (center) 3 Rouge River (right) |
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What are key differences between TTP and Tokyo Bay? |
TTP Site of industrial material originally Human made Connected to other parks Important migration Contributes to biodiversity TOKYO Site of industrial material originally Human made Isloated from other parks Important for migration Contributes to biodiversity |
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Define geology? |
Study of bedrock |
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Define geomorphology |
Study of the surface and how it changes. |
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What are the two significant indigenous language famalies? |
Algonquin Iroquoian |
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What is the significance of the Wampam belt? |
We all eat out of the bowl dipicted, all of us share one territory. Take care of the land No knives at the table Groups in collaboration -Anishnabee -Haudeshaunee |
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What is a topnym? |
A term of a place name, the study of place names (toponymy). |
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What is Imperialism? |
The Extension of power through direct or indirect control of economic life. |
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What is Colonialism? |
The establishment and maintenance of political and legal domination by a state. |
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What is the difference between settler and plantation colonialism? |
Settler Immigration from home is used to occupy the land. Plantation Native people are used to exploit the land. |
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What is a Band? |
A body of indigenous people. |
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What is a nation? |
A group of people with a shared culture. |
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What does Aboriginal refer to? |
Those who exist in a land before colonialism. (Includes first nations, inuit, and metis). |
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What were issues with the Williams treaties? |
Geography and linguistics |
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What is the timeline of the first peoples? |
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Detail 5 important dates in colonialism. |
1- Jesuit missionaries are the first to arrive killing 50% of population. 1640 2- Royal Proclamation between BC and Indians. 1763 3- Toronto Purchase. 1787 4- Toronto Incorproates 1834 5- Williams Treaty 1923 |
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Two fundamental principles outlined between Aboriginal and British groups (from Bobiwash) |
1- Aboriginal recognized as autonomous political units. 2- Aboriginal bans were entitled to their territories in their possession. |
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What was the confusion between British and native people upon the Toronto purchase? |
British thought they bought the land while indigenous thought they were lending it in exchange for gifts in perpetuity. (NO ONE CAN ACTUALLY OWN THE EARTH THO) |
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What does PRDE stand for (k-wave) |
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STAGE 1- Merchantile City (1790-? ) |
Ideology - Liberalism (maximum public effort from uncontrolled market forces) Growing City -first municipality -W.L.M first mayor -5 wards and liberties |
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Stage 2 - (?) 1840-1875 |
Machine politics Ideology - Municipal Socialism (local government intervenes to provide support) Growing City -paternalistic style -Stage coaches to street cards in 1870s |
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Stage 3 - (?) 1875 - (?) |
Idelogy: Progressive era (municipal improvements and greater provision of social services). Growing City (BOOSTERISM) -developing economy by attaching investors. Aggrandization. -boards control finances -mayors and alderman control decision-making |
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What are the 4 critical elements of archives? |
1- fonds 2-series 3-file 4-item |
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Definition of ethinicity? |
The instance of belonging to a social group that has common national tradition. |
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Definition of race? |
The socially constructed differentiation of individuals based on physical appearance. |
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Define the difference between ethnic enclaves and ethnic economies. |
Ethnic enclaves - places where people of specific ethnicities congregate for residence. Ethnic economies - places where people of specific ethincities colocate their businesses. -survival (defend again discrimination) -cultural propose (perserve way of life) |
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What is the definition of segregation? What is institutional segregation? |
A process of social differentiation amongst groups. Institutional: Particular groups confined to an area based on rules or regulation. |
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What is the difference between segregation and concentration? |
Segregation: involuntary differentiation and division of groups. Concentration: the voluntary division or assimilation of groups of the same race. |
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What are positive and negative views on segregation? |
Pros 1-assimilation 2-economic advantage 3-sense of home 4-concentration
Cons 1-gettoization 2-lack of economic opp 3-decreased chances of integration and acculturation 4- isloation and inaccessible to social capital. Q
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Define spatial assimilation. |
New migrants who possess limited resources on arrival concentrate or cluster together and once they gain enough income move out. |
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What are the 5 main phases of Immigration? (Timeline) |
1-Nation Building (open door) 1867-1895 2-Wheat Book (Europeans) 1895-1914 3-Growth and Decline (low immigration) 1915 - 1945 4-Post War (industrial growth) 1946-1966 5-Points System (more diverse) 1967-2018 |
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Define gentrification. |
Process of urban neighborhoods changing because of elites moving in along with companies that serve them. |
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What are the effects of gentrification? |
Drives up housing prices Displaces former residents. |
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What are David Hulchanski's 3 Cities? |
City 1- Downtown (highly accessivle, incomes rose in value) City 2- in-between middle income (incomes did not rise) City 3- low income (incomes fell) |
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In what way are neighborhoods (little italy, Corso italia, gerrard bazaar, Greek town) the same? |
They are all changing in terms of diversity and they are all becoming tourist attractions. Ethnicity is now commoditized. |
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What are the three phases of Urbanism in relation to Regent Park? |
Pre modern - before 1940s Regent Park known as Cabbage town A slum Modern - 1940- 1950 Cabbage town named Regent Park Post modernist - 1990-2000s Heritage is commoditized, replication. Mixed use and PPP |
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What are the four city models (by four authors) |
Robert Park Contentric Ring Model (CBD outward) Homer Hoyt 1939Sector Model (transportation influence) Harris and Ulman 1945Municipal Nuclei Model (more than one CBD) Michael Whites 1987 -mix of rich and poor-service economy |
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What is Jane Jacobs 4 Generators of Diversity? |
Need for: 1-mixed primary uses 2-small blocks 3-aged buildings 4-concentration
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Stage 4: (Metropolitan...) 1920 - 1945 Leaside |
Ideology: Fragmentation between Rich and poor. Zoning is used to keep sociospatial segregation amongst classes. What was leaside called during this time? The...Modern city |
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Stage 5: Post war economic... 1945-(?) |
Ideologies: Urban social movement Welfare state econourged Developments: Canadian pension plan Canadian assistance plan Medicare All estbalished by Lester b. Pearson |
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Stage 6: Entrepreneurial polticcs and neoliberalism 1973-Present |
Idelogy: roll back and roll out Infrastructure declines Crime rates increase Development -cities are entrepreneurial again. Less about ethnic culture More about consumer culture. |
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What are the two elements of accessibilty? |
1-users 2-services |
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What are the core principles of transportation? |
Demand Distance Space Convergence Location Geography Masification limited by Automation Velocity |
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What is the 880 city? |
Collaborating with elederly and youth to make for a more accessible community. No profit org. |
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What are inclufencs and the levels of influence on CIM? (Mitrael) |
Age Gender Social norms Cultural factors Levels of influence Socioeconomic Demographic |
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What is youthification v. Gentrification? |
Gentrification is process of urban change through a vairety of socioeconomic men's while youthification is the expression of youth that influences a landscape and it's development. Some young people are gentrifiers others are renters |
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What are factors contributing to youthification? |
Urban lifestyle preference. Changing denogrpaht and household composition Increasing housing costs Changing economic prospects |
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What is the definition of ethnoculture? |
Folk and popular traditions in food, clothing, etc. |
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What is Toronto's creative class? |
Class of people who drive the economies of cities. *"*You can attract investment to cities by attaching the creative class. -artists, dentists, doctors, teachers, managers, arhitects, computer programmers. |
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What are the facets of homelessness? (Shelter) |
1- shelter is a human need 2-shelter is a source of social capital 3- shelter is a commodity |
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Define topophilia. |
The emotions and meanings one associates with a particular place. |
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What were the three phases of parkdale? (Timeline) |
1 - flowery suburb, parkdales development 1913-1966 2- Slum, decline of parkdale 1913-1966 3- Bonery to Bohemia , urban village 1967-2002 |
