Geo

Front 1

The position or place of a certain item on the surface of the earth as expressed in degrees, minutes, and seconds of latitude, and longitude, or west of the prime meridian.

Back 1

Absolute Location

Front 2

The art and science of making maps, including data compilation, layout and design. Also concerned with the interpretation of mapped patterns.

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Cartography

Front 3

The distance-controlled spreading of an idea, innovation, or some other item through a local population by contact from person to person-analogous to the communication of a contagious illness

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Contagious Diffusion

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THe visible imprint of a human activity and culture on the landscape. The layers of buildings, forms, and artifacts sequentially imprinted on the landscape by the activities of various human occupants.

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Cultral Landscape

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The sum total of the knowledge, attitudes, and habitual behavior patterns shared and transmitted by the members of a society.

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Culture

Front 6

The expansion and adoption of a cultural element, from its place of origin to a wider area.

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Culture Diffusion

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The view that the natural environment has a controlling influence over various aspects of human live, including cultural development. (environmentalism)

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Environmental Determinism

Front 8

Geography Educational National Implementation Project (GENIP), Location, Human-Environment, region, place, and movement

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Five Themes

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S type of region marked by a certain degree of homogeneity in one or more phenomena. Also called uniform or homogeneous region.

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Formal Region

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Defined by the particular set of activities or interactions that occur within it. (Boston Globe)

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Functional Region

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A collection of computer hardware and software that permits spatial data to be collected, record, stored, retrieved, manipulated, analyzed, and displayed to the user

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Geographic Information System

Front 12

The population of a country or region expressed as an average per unit area. The figure is derived by dividing the population of the areal unit by the number of square kilometers or miles that make up the unit.

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Arithmetic Population Density

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Multistage model, based on western europe's experience, of changes in population growth exhibited by countries undergoing industrialization.

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Demographic Transition

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A figure that describes the number of babies that die within the 1st year of their lives in a given population

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Infant Mortality rate (IMR)

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Population growth measured as the excess of live births over deaths. Natural increase of a population does nt reflect either emigrant or immigrant movements

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Natural Increase

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The number of people per unit area of arable land

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Physiologic population density

Front 17

Structure of a population in terms of age, sex, and other properties such as marital status and education

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Population Composition

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A measurement of the number of people per given unit of land (per sq. mi)

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Population Density

Front 19

Immune system disease caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) which over a period of years weakens the capacity o the immune system to fight off infection so that weight loss and weakness set in and other afflictions such as cancer or pneumonia may hasten an infected person's demise

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AIDS

Front 20

Visual representations of the age and sex composition of a population whereby the percentage of each age group (generally five-year increments) is represented by a horizontal bar the length of which represents its relationship to the total population. The males in each age group are represented to the left of the center line of each horizontal bar; the females in each age group are represented to the right of the center line

Back 20

population pyramids

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The expansion of economic, political, and cultural processes to the point that they become global in scale and impact. The processes of globalization transcend state boundaries and have outcomes that vary across places and scales

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Globalization

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A form of diffusion in which an idea or innovation spreads by passing first among the most connected places or peoples. An urban hierarchy is usually involved, encouraging the leapfrogging of innovations over wide areas, with geographic distance a less important influence

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hierarchical diffusion

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Image or picture of the way space is organized as determined by an individual's perception, impression, and knowledge of that space

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Mental Maps

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An outbreak of a disease that spreads worldwide.

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Pandemics

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A region that only exists as a conceptualization or an idea and not as a physically demarcated entity.

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Perceptual regions

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Geographic viewpoint—a response to determinism—that holds that human decision making, not the environment, is the crucial factor in cultural development.

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possibilism

Front 27

The third theme of geography as defined by the Geography Educational National Implementation Project; an area on the Earth's surface marked by a degree of formal, functional, or perceptual homogeneity of some phenomenon

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Region

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The regional position or situation of a place relative to the position of other places. Distance, accessibility, and connectivity affect relative location

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Relative location

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Sequential diffusion process in which the items being diffused are transmitted by their carrier agents as they evacuate the old areas and relocate to new ones.

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Relocation diffusion

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The notion that successive societies leave their cultural imprints on a place, each contributing to the cumulative cultural landscape

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sequent occupance

Front 31

Observing variations in geographic phenomena across space

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spatial perspective

Front 32

Refers to ways in which countries try to come to grip. Has 4 dimensions.

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Development

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help or hinder quality of life

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Institutions

Front 34

4 Dimensions

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1. economic
2. Political
3. Social
4. Cultural

Front 35

A structuralist theory that offers a critique of the modernization model of development. Based on the idea that certain types of political and economic relations (especially colonialism) between countries and regions of the world have created arrangements that both control and limit the extent to which regions can develop

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dependency theory