Geo 2Nd Set

Front 1

The greatest hazard to human life associated with volcanoes is ____________.
a. flowing lava
b. volcanic gas
c. falling ash
d. pyroclastic flows

Back 1

pyroclastic flows

Front 2

Geologists who specifically study earthquakes are called ____________.
a. seismologists
b. paleontologists
c. vulcanologists
d. speleologists

Back 2

seismologists

Front 3

Faulting and earthquakes are examples of ____________.
a. brittle behavior
b. ductile behavior

Back 3

brittle behavior

Front 4

Body waves include ____________.
a. both S- and P-waves
b. both L- and R-waves
c. both surface and interior waves
d. P-waves only

Back 4

both S- and P-waves

Front 5

29. The point on Earth’s surface directly above the point where an earthquake occurs is termed the ____________.
a. hypocenter (focus)
b. epicenter
c. eye of the fault
d. vertex

Back 5

epicenter

Front 6

Earthquakes are likely to occur along ____________.
a. convergent plate boundaries only
b. divergent plate boundaries only
c. transform plate boundaries only
d. all three major types of plate boundaries

Back 6

all three major types of plate boundaries

Front 7

An episode of mountain building is termed a(n) ____________.
a. orogeny
b. phylogeny
c. aureole
d. slickenside

Back 7

orogeny

Front 8

Force per unit area is termed ____________.
a. stress
b. strain
c. power
d. work

Back 8

stress

Front 9

A fold shaped like an elongate arch is a(n) ____________.
a. anticline
b. basin
c. dome
d. syncline

Back 9

anticline

Front 10

The balance between the weight of a mountain range and the buoyancy provided by the underlying mantle is termed ____________.
a. punctuated equilibrium
b. homeostatic equilibrium
c. isostatic equilibrium
d. osmotic equilibrium

Back 10

isostatic equilibrium

Front 11

On a geologic map, if the contacts between sedimentary rock units form a bull’s eye pattern of concentric circles, with the youngest unit in the center, the underlying structure is a(n) ____________.
a. anticline
b. basin
c. dome
d. syncline

Back 11

basin

Front 12

Silicate tetrahedra in the asbestos minerals, which grow or break into fine fibers are:
a. isolated from each other.
b. long sheet structures.
c. long chain polymers.
d. fully cross-linked as 3D structures.

Back 12

long chain polymers.

Front 13

The most important mineral in the Earth’s mantle is the silicate:
a. olivine.
b. calcite.
c. garnet.
d. feldspar.

Back 13

olivine.

Front 14

The “big four” igneous rocks do no include:
a. basalt
b. granite
c. andesite
d. tillite

Back 14

tillite

Front 15

Fine-grained igneous rocks usually are interpreted as being formed by:
a. slow-cooling in volcanic environments.
b. fast-cooling in volcanic environments.
c. slow-cooling in plutonic environments.
d. fast-cooling in plutonic envirnoments.

Back 15

fast-cooling in volcanic environments.

Front 16

Bedforms that are useful to the interpretation of ancient sedimentary environments include all except:
a. large cross-beds that were dunes.
b. ripple marks that were seafloor.
c. mudcracks that were shorelines.
d. joints that were from stress.

Back 16

joints that were from stress.

Front 17

Living systems impact sediment and sedimentary rocks by:
a. providing shade from the sun and cosmic rays.
b. producing organic acids and invasive roots that enhance weathering.
c. reducing erosion by anchoring soil and sediment in place.
d. both ‘b’ and ‘c’.

Back 17

both ‘b’ and ‘c’.

Front 18

Basaltic flood eruptions and shield volcanoes can form because:
a. very high lava temperatures.
b. very high lava crystal contents.
c. very low lava temperatures.
d. very low lava viscosities.

Back 18

very low lava viscosities.

Front 19

A dormant volcano is:
a. a structure found in from of a door to Earth’s interior.
b. not currently erupting, but has in recent history.
c. currently in eruption, but the volume is waning.
d. not historically known to erupt, but still has potential to erupt.

Back 19

not historically known to erupt, but still has potential to erupt.

Front 20

The primary body wave of an earthquake is all except:
a. also called a compression wave.
b. the fastest of the different waves.
c. the major cause of damage.
d. usually the first to arrive at seismic station.

Back 20

the major cause of damage.

Front 21

Earthquake magnitudes are expressed on a ___________ scale.
a. linear
b. log
c. geometric
d. hyperbolic

Back 21

log

Front 22

The Earth’s seismic low-velocity zone at the top of the asthenosphere is due to:
a. the presence of partial melt.
b. a change to denser minerals.
c. the presence of trapped vapor.
d. a change of mineral orientation.

Back 22

the presence of partial melt.

Front 23

How long does it take for a mountain range to form?
a. Typically millions of years.
b. Usually less than a million years.
c. Usually 100 million years or more.
d. Typically thousands of years.

Back 23

Typically millions of years

Front 24

Mountains form in this tectonic environment:
a. Extensional, like Utah.
b. Compressional, like Oregon
c. Hot spot, like Hawaii
d. all of the above

Back 24

all of the above

Front 25

The strike of a deformed sedimentary bed is:
a. The line formed by the intersection of the plane of the bed and the modern horizontal.
b. How much danger there might be to spontaneous combustion.
c. The plane of the bed before it was deformed and after it was deposited.
d. The angle of the plane of the bed after deformation compared to the plane before deformation.

Back 25

The angle of the plane of the bed after deformation compared to the plane before deformation.

Front 26

Where does metamorphism take place?
a. Within recently deposited sediments.
b. Near plutonic intrusions.
c. At high latitudes or elevations.
d. All of the above.

Back 26

Near plutonic intrusions.