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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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euhedral
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good crystal faces, open cavity, less common
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anhedral
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no crystal faces, tight space, more common
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subhedral
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between euhedral and anhedral
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clastic rocks
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cement glues the grains together
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crystalline rocks
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crystals are grown together
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bedrock
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attacked to crush, usually covered by soil etc
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outcrap
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where bedrock is exposed at surface (cliffs, road cuts, stream cuts)
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igneous rock
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freezing or solidification of melt
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sedimentary rocks
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cementation of clasts
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clasts
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pre-existing rocks
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metamorphic rocks
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pre-existing rocks change into new rocks, solid state alteration, pressure and/or temperature
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volatiles
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water, CO2, lower melting temperature (causes subduction)
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dry magma
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no volatiles
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wet magma
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to 15% volatiles
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Felsic
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66-76% volatiles, lowest
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Intermediate
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52-66% volatiles, 2nd lowest
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Mafic
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45-52% volatiles, 2nd highest
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Ultramafic
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36-45% volatiles, highest
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Hotter/More Volatiles = ____ viscosity
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lower
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Cooler/Less Volatiles = _____ viscosity
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higher
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Tubular Intrusions
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Magma intrudes into rock, dikes/sills, expand/inflate rock
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Dikes
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Spread rock sideways
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Sills
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Lift entire landscapes skyward
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Aphanitic
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finely crystalline (rapid cooling, extrusive)
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Phaneritic
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coarsely crystalline (slow cooling, intrusive)
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Porphyritic
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mixture of coarse and fine crystals (2 stage history)
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Pegmatitic
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Very coarse crystals (late stage crystallization)
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Pumice
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Frothy felsic rock full of vesicles, floats
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Scoria
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glassy, vesicular mafic rock
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Pyroclastic
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Fragments of violent eruptions
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Physical weathering
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mechanical breakage and disintegration
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Chemical weathering
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decomposition by reaction w/ water
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Oxidation
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metal loses electrons (rusting)
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hydration
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absorbing of water into mineral, expansion
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Clastic sediments
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Made from weathered rock fragments (Clasts)
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Biochemical sediments
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Cemented shells of organisms
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Organic sediments
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carbon-rich remains of plants
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chemical sediments
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minerals that crystallize directly from water
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Breccia
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comprised of angular clasts
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Conglomeratw
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comprised of rounded clasts
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Quartz Arenite sandstone
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Almost pure quartz
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Arkose sandstone
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Abundant feldsbar
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Lithic sandstone
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rock fragments
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Wacke sandstone
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15% mud
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Diagenesis
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physical, chemical, biological changes to sediment
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Unique texture
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intergrown/interlocking grains
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Unique minerals
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Minerals that are only metamorphic
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Unique foliation
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Aligned minerals form planar fabric
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Recrystallization
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Minerals change size and shape
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Phase change
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new crystals form with same chemical formula, different structure
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neocrystallization
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new minerals formed from pressure/temperature changes
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Hydrothermal Fluids
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hot water w/ dissolved ions and volatiles, accelerate chemical reactions, add or subtract elements
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Metasomatism
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hydrothermal alteration
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Foliated
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through-going planar fabric, differential stress
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non-foliated
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no planar fabric, no differential stress
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