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74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define:
Anthropogenic landscape |
Landscape heavily transformed by humans
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Define:
Autonomous region |
Provinces that have been granted a certain degree of political and cultural autonomy or freedom from centralized authority
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Define:
Burakumin |
Indigenous outcast group of Japan, a people whose ancestors reputedly worked in leather-craft and other "polluting" industries
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Define:
Central place theory |
Theory used to explain the distribution of cities and the relationships between different cities based on retail marketing.
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Define:
China proper |
The eastern half of China where the Han Chinese form the dominant ethnic group.
It contains the vast majority of China's populations. |
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Define:
Cold War |
The ideological struggle between the US and the Soviet Union from 1946 to 1991
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Define:
Confucianism |
Philosophical system developed by Confucius in the sixth century BCE
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Define:
Diaspora |
The scattering of a particular group of people over a vast geographical area
(Any ethnic dispersion) |
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Define:
Geomancy |
The traditional Chinese and Korean practice of designing buildings in accordance with the principles of cosmic harmony and discord that supposedly course through the local topography
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Define:
Ideographic writing |
Writing system in which each symbol represents not a sound but rather a concept
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Define:
Laissez-faire |
Economic system in which the state has minimal involvement and in which market forces largely guide economic activity
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Define:
Loess |
Fine, wind-deposited sediment that makes fertile soil but is very vulnerable to erosion
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Define:
Mandarin |
The official spoken language of the country and is the native tongue of the vast majority of people living in north, central, and southwestern China
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Define:
Marxism |
Philosophy developed by Karl Marx which presumes the desirability and the necessity of a socialist economic system run through a central planning agency
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Define:
Pollution exporting |
Process of exporting industrial pollution and other waste material to other countries.
Can be direct, as when waste is simply shippped abroad for disposal, or indirect, as when highly polluting factories are constructed abroad. |
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Define:
Regulatory lakes |
A series of lakes in the middle Yangtze Valley of China that take excess water from the river during flood periods and supply water to the river during dry periods.
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Define:
Rust belt |
Regions of heavy industry that experience marked economic decline after their factories cease to be competitive
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Define:
Samurai |
Warrior class of traditional Japan whose role and class had declined from 1600 until its end in 1868
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Define:
Sediment load |
The amount o sand, silt, and clay carried by a river.
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Define:
Shogunate |
The true ruler of Japan before 1868, as opposed to the emperor whose power was merely symbolic
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Define:
Social and regional differentiation |
Refers to a process by which certain classes of people grow richer when others grow poorer.
Refers to a process by which certain places grow more prosperous while others become less prosperous. |
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Define:
Special economic zones |
Relatively small districts in China that have been fully opened to global capitalism
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Define:
Spheres of influence |
In countries not formally colonized in the 19th and early 20th centuries limited areas were gained by particular European countries for trade purposes and more generally for economic exploitation and political manipulation
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Define:
Superconurbation |
A massive urban agglomeration that results from the coalescing of two or more formerly separate metropolitan areas.
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Define:
Tonal language |
Language in which the same set of phonemes may have very different meanings depending on the pitch in which they are uttered.
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Define:
Urban primacy |
A state in which a disproportionately large city (i.e. London, New York) dominates the urban system and is the center of economic, political, and cultural life.
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Define:
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) |
Measures the total value of goods and services produced in a country in a year
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Define:
Gross National Income (GNI) |
The sum of GDP plus net income that has come from abroad
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Define:
Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) |
Adjusts GNI so that we can better understand the country's economic output
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Define:
Economic Growth |
Average annual growth of GDP averaged over a five-year period
A quantitative statistic measuring the size of the economic system |
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Define:
Economic Development |
Assesses standard of living where you assume with development there comes improvement.
A qualitative and quantitative measurement that takes additional factors rather than just GDP/GNI |
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Define:
Human Development Index (HDI) |
A summary statistic that addresses a country's health, knowledge, and standard of living
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What are the two subregions of southeast Asia?
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Mainland and Insular
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Which region was formerly known as "Indochina"?
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Southeast Asia
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What are the physical landscapes of mainland and insular SE Asia?
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Mainland:
Deltaic environments (around major rivers-- Mekong, Chao Phraya, etc.) & Tropical monsoon forests Insular: Archipelagic environments (convergent boundaries), the Sunda Shelf, with over 20,000 islands |
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Which SE Asian country has the 4th largest carbon footprint and why?
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Indonesia because of forest burning & clearing for palm oil
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Define:
Animism |
A wide variety of tribal religions based on the worship of nature's spirits and human ancestors
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Define:
Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) |
A supranational geopolitical group linking together the 10 different states of Southeast Asia
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Define:
Bumiputra |
The name given to native Malay who are given preference for jobs and schooling by the Malaysian government
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Define:
Copra |
Dried coconut meat
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Define:
Crony capitalism |
A system in which close friends of a political leader are either legally or illegally given business advantages in return for their political support.
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Define:
Domino theory |
US geopolitical policy of the 1970s that stemmed from the assumption that if Vietnam fell to the communists then the rest of Southeast Asia would soon follow
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Define:
Entrepot |
A city and port that specializes in transshipment of goods
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Define:
Golden Triangle |
Area of northern Thailand, Burma, and Laos that is known as a major source region for heroin and is plugged into the global drug trade.
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Define:
Khmer Rouge |
"Red Cambodians"
The left-wing insurgent group led by French-educated Marxists rebelled against the royal Cambodian government in the early 1960s and again in a peasants' revolt in 1967. |
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Define:
Lingua Franca |
An agreed-upon common language to facilitate communication on specific topics such as international business, politics, sports, or entertainment.
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Define:
Primate cities |
The largest urban settlement in a country that dominates all other urban places economically and politically.
Often also the country's capital |
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Define:
Ramayana |
One of the two main epic poems of the Hindu religion.
Also commonly performed in the shadow puppet theaters of the predominately Muslim island of Java. |
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Define:
Shifted cultivators |
Migrants with or without agricultural experience who are transplanted by government relocation schemes.
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Define:
Sunda Shelf |
An extension of the continental shelf from the Southeast Asia mainland to the outlying islands.
Results in shallow seas in the insular subregion |
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Define:
Swidden |
System of agriculture in which small plots of several acres of tropical forest or brush are periodically slashed by hand.
The fallen vegetation is burned to transfer nutrients to the soil before subsistence crops are planted. |
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Define:
Transmigration |
The planned, government-sponsored relocation of people from one area to another within a state territory.
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Define:
Tsunamis |
Very large sea waves induced by earthquakes.
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Define:
Typhoons |
Large tropical storms, similar to hurricanes, that form in the western Pacific Ocean in tropical latitudes and cause widespread damage to the Philippines and coastal Southeast and East Asia.
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What are the major environmental issues in SE Asia?
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Deforestation & Pollution
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What are the typical climate regimes in SE Asia?
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Tropical Wet
Tropical Savanna Tropical Monsoon |
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What are the 3 volcanic activities and 2 major earthquakes/tsunamis associated with the active tectonics in SE Asia?
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Mud volcano, Mt. Krakatoa, Mt. Pinatubo
Banda Aceh (230,000 dead, 2004) & Yogyakarta, Java (6.2 scale, 2006) |
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What are the major religions in SE Asia?
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Buddhism, Islam, Animism, Christianity, Hinduism
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What are the main language types in mainland and insular SE Asia?
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Mainland:
Tibeto-Burman, Tai-Kadai, Mon-Khmer Insular: Austronesian, Papuan |
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Which SE Asian country was the only one never colonized?
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Thailand
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Early colonization of SE Asia was initially driven by....?
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Spice Trade
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Which SE Asian country is considered the most economically developed?
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Singapore
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What are the 6 notable morphologies in China's physical geography?
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Plains -- North China Plain
Mountains -- Tibet, Xinjiang, S. China Desert -- Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang High Plateau -- Tibet Coast Rivers -- Huang He, Yangtze, Xi |
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What are the 3 notable morphologies in Japan's physical geography?
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Islands (4 main) -- Honshu, Hokkaido, Hyushu, Shikoku, and minor islands
Volcanic Mountains -- Japanese Alps, Mt. Fuji, Mt. Ontake Plate Boundary -- Pacific-Philippine-Eurasian |
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What are the 3 notable morphologies in Korea's physical geography?
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Peninsula -- surrounded by Yellow, East/Japan, East China seas
Uplands -- many hills and low mountains Lowlands -- alluvial pans along coasts |
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What are the 4 main environmental issues in East Asia?
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Deforestation, Desertification, Soil Erosion, Pollution
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Which region is the most heavily populated ON EARTH?
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East Asia
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What are the 4 most commonly practiced religions/belief-systems in East Asia?
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Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism, Shintoism
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Explain:
Confucianism |
Developed by Confucius in 6th century BCE
Stresses social stability through deference to authority and devotion to family Authority is merit based, education is valued, and it is NOT considered a religion |
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Explain:
Taoism |
Philosophical ideas first written down by Lao Tzu (3-6th century BCE)
How to live in balance with nature and the universe Not considered a religion because no deities to worship Action through inaction and nature as a model for life. |
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Explain:
Mahayana Buddhism |
Not exclusive (can also Taoist, Shinto, etc.)
How to attain Nirvana and escape continual reincarnation "Chang" is Chinese, "Zen" is Japanese Stresses meditation, harmony, detachment; control of the mind |
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Explain:
Shintoism |
Indigenous Japanese religion
Combination of nature religion and recognition of sanctity of the Japanese royal family (not so much now) Shrines located in areas dedicated to nature spirits (i.e. Mt. Fuji) |
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What are the 6 major language types in East Asia?
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Sino-Tibetan (Mandarin, Tibetan, Cantonese, etc.)
Japanese Korean Altaic (Mongolian, etc.) Tai Austronesian |
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Define:
Chaebol |
Huge industrial conglomerates with activities in multiple sectors
Commonly seen in South Korea |
