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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what causes observed physical traits?
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phenotype
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What causes underlying genetic coding?
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genotype
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variation in phenotype causes
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observed physical traits
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variation in genotype causes
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underlying genetic coding
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What does redundancy in the DNA code mean?
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multiple codes can point towards the same amino acid
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How are top and bottom strands of DNA oriented and what are they called?
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top strand is left to right, 5' to 3'. top strand is called Watson, bottom strand is called Crick
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What does a promoter do?
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tells polymerase where to bind and in which direction
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which is the sense strand, and what else is it also called?
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sense strand is the watson, and it is also known as the coding strand. has the 'same' code as the DNA or RNA that is being created
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what is the template strand?
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it is the crick strand. it is the opposite of the strand being formed and is also what is truly being copied.
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what direction is the template strand always copied?
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3' to 5', the opposite of synthesis
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What is the starter codon, and what amino acid does it code for?
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AUG codes for Met, methionine
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what direction is mRNA read, and how does the created polypeptide line up?
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mRNA is read in the 5' to 3' direction. The peptide it creates goes from the N terminus to the C terminus
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What are the 3 stop codons?
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UAG, UAA, UGA
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When looking for ORF and start + stop codons, which strand should you look at?
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look at the coding strand, the one 5' to 3', also known as the Watson Strand
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enzyme which physically links bases to uncharged tRNA?
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tRNA synthetase
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what mediates translation?
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ribosomes
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during translation, what direction is the DNA strand read? how is the polypeptide created directionally?
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in translation, unlike replication and transcription, DNA is read in the 5' to 3' direction, and polypeptides are synthesized from N to C
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remember that there is a difference between just reading frames and open reading frames
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reading frames are the sets of three codons possible on each strand, open reading frames are those with start and no stop codon stretches
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