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153 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
paired abdominal organs that filter blood and produce urine.
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Kidneys (nephro or reno)
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located outside the peritoneal cavity.
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Retroperitoneal
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(fibrous tissue) connecting to other structures to hold kidneys in place
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Renal Fasciae
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concave depression on medial margin of kidney through which ureters, blood vessels, and nerves enter.
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Hilus
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the space in which hilus opens. Kidney cavity containing renal pelvis, blood vessels, nerves, and fat.
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Renal sinus
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outer part of kidney, extending between renal pyramids to form renal columns.
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Renal cortex
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inner part of kidney composed of conical structures, called renal pyramids.
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Renal medulla
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reservoir that collects urine, made up of major and minor calices.
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Renal pelvis
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urine colleting, irregular, sac-like structures of renal pelvis.
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Calix or Calyx
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tube that carries urine from kidney to bladder.
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Ureter
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cone-shaped structures which make up the medulla, stud the walls of the renal sinus.
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Medullary pyramids
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narrow, conical ends of renal pyramids
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Papillae
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functional and structural unit of kidney, including renal corpuscle and renal tubule.
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Nephron
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glomrulus and bowman’s capsule
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Renal Corpuscle
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minute tubule of kidney that secretes, collects, and transports urine and forms part of functional unit, the nephron.
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Renal Tubule
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glomerular capsule of kidney containing clusters of capillary channels (glumerulus)
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Glomerular or Bowman’s capsule
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coils of capillaries within bowman’s capsule
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Glomerulus
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plural form of glomerulus
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Glomeruli
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the renal corpuscles drain into lie in the cortical portion of the kidney.
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Proximal convoluted tubule
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U-shaped turn in convoluted tubule of kidney, located between proximal and distal ends, with both ascending and descending limbs.
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Henles loop
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portion of convoluted tubules between Henle’s loop and collecting tubules
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Distal convoluted tubules
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terminal collection passages that carry urine to renal pelvis.
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Collecting tubules
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Collecting tubules
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Ureters
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elastic musculomembranous sac for storing urine.
Lies in the pelvis and is formed of 3 layers of smooth muscle tissue lined with mucous membrane, contains 2 openings to receive urine from 2 ureters and another opening into urethra. |
The Urinary bladder
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the voiding of urine from the bladder
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Micturition
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tube that carries urine from bladder to surface of body.
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The Urethra
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the exterior opening of the urethra its located between the virgina and clitoris directly crainial to the vulva.
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Urinary meatus
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formation of calculi (stones) in the urinary tract
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Urolithiasis
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Urolithiasis
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1. Prostatic
2. Membranous 3. Cavernous |
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the exterior opening of the urethra in the male
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Urinary meatus
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normal passage of normal urine.
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Uresis
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Pathologic conditions of the Urinary Tract
bladder inflammation |
Cystitis
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Pathologic conditions of the Urinary Tract
inflammation of kidneys |
Nephritis
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Pathologic conditions of the Urinary Tract
inflammation of ureter |
Ureteritis
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Pathologic conditions of the Urinary Tract
inflammation of urethra |
Urethritis
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Pathologic conditions of the Urinary Tract
inflammation of urethra and bladder |
Urethrocystitis
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lack of urine being excreted
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Anuria
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painful or difficult urination
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Dysurian
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presence of blood in urine
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Hematuria
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distension of kidney caused by obstruction of ureter.
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Hydronephrosis
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inability to control urination
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Incontinence
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kidney stone
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Nephrolith
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condition characterized by presence of kidney stones
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Nephrolithiasis
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any disease of kidney
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Nephrosis
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abnormally frequent urination of urine
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Pollakiuria
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pus in urine
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Pyuria
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pain resulting from passage of calculus in kidney or ureter.
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Renal colic
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keeping within body a substance that is usually excreted such as urine.
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Retention
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disturbed kidney function in which products of protein metabolism are found in blood and produce toxic conditions.
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Uremia
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total or partial resection of bladder
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Cystectomy
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removal of stone by incising the urinary bladder
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Cystolethectomy
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creation of opening into bladder
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Cystostomy
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incision into urinary bladder
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Cystotomy
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use of shock waves to crush kidney stones as substitute for surgical removal
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Lithotripsy
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excision of kidney
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Nephrectomy
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incision into kidney
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Nephrotomy
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creation of permanent passage through which ureter can discharge its contents.
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Urethrostomy
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incision of ureter
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Ureterotomy
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Cutting of the urethra to relieve a stricture
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Urethrotomy
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obtaining urine specimen under sterile conditions to check for microorganisms in urinary system
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Catheterized urine specimen
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determines kidneys ability to concentrate and dilute urine
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Concentration test
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x-ray study of bladder
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Cystogram
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fiberoptic endoscope to examine interior of bladder
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Cystoscope
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x-ray record of kidney’s and urinary tract after I.V. injection of dye substance
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Intravenous pyelogram
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measurement of urine excreted in 24 hour period to evaluate kidney function.
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Total volume
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egg-shaped male gland (also called testicles) that produces spermatozoa and secretes hormones
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Testes (gonads) orchis
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sac-like skin covered structure, hanging from perineal area containing testes, epididymides, and part of spermatic cords.
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Scrotum
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a fibrous white capsule that encloses each testicle.
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Tunica albuginea
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coiled tubules within testes that produce sperm.
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Siminiferous tubules
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specialized interstitial cells that secrete male sex hormone testosterone
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Interstitial cells (cells of leydig)
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pair of tightly coiled tube-like structures that secrete part of semen, serve as storage areas for sperm before ejaculation, and provide passageways for sperm from testes to the body surface.
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Epididymis
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where sperm cells are produced
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Seminiferous tubules
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the chief hormone of testicles
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Testosterone
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removal of testicles
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Castration
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excretory duct of testis that joins epididymis with ejaculatory duct.
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Vas Deferens
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white fibrous tissue encasing the Vas Deferens, blood and lymph vessels, and nerves.
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Spermatic Cord
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two short tubes formed by joining of Vas Deferens and ducts of seminal vesicles, which pass through prostate and extend to the urethra.
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Ejaculatory ducts
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surrounding urethra, secreting thick, alkaline substance that makes up part of the seminal fluid.
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Prostate gland
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located on either side of urethra whose alkaline secretion has protective function for sperm.
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Bulbourethral (cowper’s) gland
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male sex organ, containing urethra, which carries both reproductive tract secretions and urine to body
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Penis
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slight bulge at distal end of penis
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Gland penis
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secretion discharged by male reproductive organs containing spermatozoa.
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Semen
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two twisted pouches lying along dorsal surface of bladder, ventral to rectum, which secrete liquid part of semen and prostaglandins.
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Seminal vesicles
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two female glands that produce ova or eggs.
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Ovaries
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contains the ova
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Follicles
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female reproductive cell (plural of ova).
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Ovum
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ovarian hormones
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Estrogen and Progesterone
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yellow body formed by graafian follicles that has discharged its ovum.
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Corpus luteum
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pair of tubes extending from the uterus to the ovary on each side which pick up and convey expelled ova to the uterus.
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Oviducts (uterine tubes or fallopian tubes)
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funnel at end of uterine tube (oviduct) that catches ovaum.
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Infundibulum
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fringe-like process at ends of uterine tubes over ovaries.
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Fimbria
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ovum and sperm cell union.
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Fertilization
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thick-walled, hollow organ in pelvic cavity of female that houses and nourishes embryo and fetus.
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Uterus (hytero)
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body of uterus
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Corpus
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neck of uterus
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Cervix
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two horns of uterus.
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Cornus
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mucus membrane lining uterus
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Endometruim
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middle, muscular coat of uterus
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Myometrium
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external layer of uterus
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Perimetrium
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supports internal genitalia.
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Broad ligament
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located caudal to the cervix and cranial to vulva
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Vagina
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fold of mucous membrane partially blocking vaginal orifice.
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Hymen
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external genitalia.
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Vulva
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small mound of erectile tissue similar to male penis.
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Clitoris
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milk producing organs of mammals.
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Mammary glands
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the recurring set of physiological and behavioral changes that take place from one period of estrus to another
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Estrous Cycle
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the period immediately before estrus, characterized by development of the endometrium an ovarian follicles.
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Proestrus
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the periodic state of sexual excitement that immediately precedes ovulation, during which the female is most receptive to mating. (also called heat, period, being in heat)
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Estrus
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the period of sexual inactivity that follows estrus, during which the corpus luteum forms.
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Metestrus
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a short period of sexual quiescence between two estrus periods during which the uterus is prepared for a fertilized ovum.
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Diestrus
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a normal interval of ovarian quiescence and sexual inactivity in species such as the dog that do not cycle continuously. Anestrus is abnormal in polyestrous species such as the cow.
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Anestrus
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Release of ova occurs.
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Ovulation
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the white scar tissue resulting from the regression of a corpus luteum
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Corpus Albicans
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is the period of time between conception and parturition.
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Pregnancy
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when the placenta attaches to the endometrial lining of the uterus.
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Implantation
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membrane containing fetus floating in amniotic fluid
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Aminion
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outermost layer of placenta.
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Chorion
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early developing stage of organism
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Embryo
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developing offspring.
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Fetus
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outer of three germ layers of embryo
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Ectoderm
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innermost of three germ layers of the embryo.
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Endoderm
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pregnant
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Gravid
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ducts that carry the milk secretions of udder to and through teats.
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Lactiferous ducts
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middle of three germ layers of embryo, lying between ectoderm and endoderm.
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Mesoderm
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newborn
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Neonate
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process of giving birth
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Parturition
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vascular fetal organ within uterus that connects fetus to mother by way of umbilical cord for exchange of nutrients, oxygen, antibodies, and waste products.
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Placenta
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false pregnancy
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Pseudocyesis
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fertilized ovum
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Zygote
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inflammation of endometrium
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Endometritis
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inflammation of epididymis
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Epididmitits
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inflammation of mammary gland
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Mastitis
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inflammation of uterus
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Metritis
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ovarian inflammation
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Oophoritis
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inflammation of testicles
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Orchitis
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inflammation of prostate gland
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Prostatitis
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collection of pus in the uterine cavity
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Pyometra
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seminal vesicle inflammation
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Seminal vesculitis
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inflammation of vagina
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Vaginitis
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inflammation of vulva
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Vulvitis
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testes do not descend into scrotum
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Cryptorchism
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having both ovarian and testicular tissue.
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Hermaphroditism
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presence of more than two testes
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Polyorchism
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secretion of milk
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Lactation
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protrusion of uterus through vaginal orifice
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Prolapse of uterus
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enlargement of prostate
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Prostatic hypertrophy
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inability to reproduce
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Sterility
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surgical incision through abdominal and uterine walls for delivery of neonate.
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Cesarean section
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cutting up of dead fetus for removal from uterus
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Embryotomy
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removal of uterus
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Hysterectomy
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excision of one or both testes
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Orchiectomy
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excision of one or both ovaries
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Ovariectomy
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removal of uterus and ovaries
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Ovariohysterectomy
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