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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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nitogenous base
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bases that make up the "ladder rung" part of DNA. A, G, T, C
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nucleotide
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nucleoside phosphate
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nucleoside
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a purine of pyrimidine base covalently linked to a sugar
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phosphodiester bonds
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in nucleic acids, the covalen bond formed between the 5'-P of one nucleotide and the 3'-OH of the next nucleotide in the line; bonds form the backbone of DNA
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purine
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an organic base found in nucleic acids; adenine and guanine
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pyrimidine
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organic base found in nucleic acids; cytosine, uracil (RNA), and thymine (DNA)
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deoxyribose
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the five-carbon sugar present in DNA
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ribose
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the five-carbon sugar in RNA
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hydrogen bonds
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a weak noncovalent linkage between two negatively charge atoms in which a hydrogen atom is shared
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guanine
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matches with cytosine
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cytosine
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matches with guanine, pyrimidine
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thymine
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matches with adenine, pyrimidine
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adenine
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matches with thymine in DNA and uracil in RNA, purine
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uracil
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matches with adenine in RNA, pyrimidine
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nucleic acid
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a polymer composed of repeating units of phosphate-linked five-carbon sugars to which nitrogenous bases are attached (DNA and RNA)
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antiparallel
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chem orientation of the two strands of a double-stranded nucleic acid molecule; 5' to 3'of two strads are opposite one another
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auxotrophy
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inablility of a mutant microoganism to synthesize a cmpd required for its growth but able to grow if the cmpd is provided
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prototrophy
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ability of a microbial strain to grow in a defined minimal medium that ideally contains only a carbon source and inorganic cmpds, wild-type
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phenotype
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the observable properties of a cell or an organism, which results from the interaction of the genotype and the environment
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genotype
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genetic constitution of an organism or virus, typically with respect to one of a few genes of interest, as distinguished from its appearance or phenotype
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minimal medium
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a growth medium consisting of simple inorganic salts, a carbohydrate, vitamins, organic bases, essential amino acids, and other essential cmpds; its composition is precisely know
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genetic block
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when an enzyme is defective or not present, biosynthetic pathways stop and an intermediate accumulates
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complete medium
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culture medium containing all required nutrients to support growth and cell division
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