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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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homologous chromosomes
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Two chromosomes that correspond in proportion, value, and structure meaning that they contain the corresponding genes for the same traits.
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recombination
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the reassortment of genes or characters into different combinations from those of the parents.
• Recombination occurs for linked genes by crossing over and, for unlinked genes, by chromosome assortment. |
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gene
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a heritable factor that controls a specific characteristic.
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Allele
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one specific form of a gene, differing from other alleles by one or a few bases only and occupying the same gene locus as other alleles of the gene.
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genome
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the whole of the genetic information of an organism.
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genotype
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the alleles possessed by an organism.
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phenotype
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the characteristics of an organism.
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dominant allele
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an allele that has the same effect on the phenotype whether it is present in the homozygous or heterozygous state.
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recessive allele
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an allele that only has an effect on the phenotype when present in the homozygous state.
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codominant alleles
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pairs of alleles that both affect the phenotype when present in the heterozygous state.
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locus
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the particular position on homologous chromosomes of a gene.
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homozygous
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having two identical alleles of a gene.
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heterozygous
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when you have two different alleles of a gene.
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carrier
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an individual that has a recessive allele of a gene that does not have an effect on their phenotype.
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test cross
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testing a suspected heterozygote by crossing it with a known homozygous recessive.
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Non-disjunction
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homo chromosomes or sister chromatids fail to seperate
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gene mutation
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a change in the base sequence of the DNA in genes that ultimately creates genetic diversity
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base substitution
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replacement of one nucleotide and its partner from the complementary DNA strand with another pair of nucleotides
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sex linkage
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the assosiation of a characteristic with gender because the gene is on sex chromosome
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polygenic inheritance
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an additive effect of two or more gene loci on a single phenotypi character
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linkage group
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a group of genes whose loci are on the same chromosome
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