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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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genetics
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the scientific study of heredity
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trait
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a characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring through its genes
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heredity
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the passing of traits from parents to offspring
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gene
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a segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait
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chromosome
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condensed DNA that carries genetic information
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DNA
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the genetic material in a cell that carries information about that cell and is passed from parent to offspring
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allele
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the different forms of a gene
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dominant
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an allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present
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recessive
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an allele that is masked or hidden when a dominant allele is present
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homozygous
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having two identical alleles for a trait
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heterozygous
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having two different alleles for a trait
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genotype
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an organism's genetic makeup or allele combinations (ex. XX)
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phenotype
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an organism's physical appearance or visible traits (ex. female)
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meiosis
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the process that occurs in producing sex cells (sperm and egg) by which the number of chromosomes is reduced in half.
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mitosis
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cell division in which two daughter cells are made that have the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
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