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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define Gene. |
a basic unit of heredity |
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Define Allele |
an alternate form of gene (i.e short or tall) that is found on the same location on the chromosome |
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Define a Dominant Trait |
The allele that is expressed as dominant when present with another |
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Define a Recessive Trait |
The allele that is masked when present with a dominant gene |
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Define Homozygous |
offspring inheriting the SAME alleles (TT = tall , or tt = short ) aka two of the same allele |
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Define Heterozygous |
offspring inheriting DIFFERENT alleles (one is dominant one is recessive) (Tt = still tall) |
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Define genotype |
The nomination of letters (genes) received (i.e. TT, Tt or tt) |
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Define Phenotype |
The PHYSICAL expression or appearance of an individual (TT = tall, tt = short ) |
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Define Parent Generation (P) |
the parents involved in a cross |
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Define the 1st Filial Generation (F1) |
the offspring from the first parents |
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Define the 2nd Filial Generation (F2) |
F1 become the P2 who produce F2 |
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Define Punnet Square |
Tic-Tac-Toe Square used to match gametes from each parent |
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Define Monohybrid cross |
a cross involving only ONE characteristic or allele |
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Define Dihybrid cross |
a cross involving only TWO characteristics or alleles |
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If the inheritance has a relatively equal number of males & females affected, does that mean that it is autosomal or sex-linked? |
autosomal |
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If the inheritance has far more males affected, is it autosomal or sex-linked? |
sex-linked |
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If the inheritance has males only inheriting from their mother, is it autosomal or sex-linked? |
sex-linked |
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If the inheritance has females only inheriting if their father has it and mom is a carrier, is it autosomal or sex linked? |
sex linked |
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Give two examples of sex linked inheriting traits? |
color blindess & hemophilia |
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If the inheritance is autosomal, and every kid affected has at least one parent affected, is it dominant or recessive? |
dominant |
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If the inheritance is autosomal, and the trait can skip generations, is it dominant or recessive? |
recessive |
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If the inheritance is autosomal, and kids can have it without their parents having it, is it dominant or recessive? |
recessive |
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What is Mendel's Law of Dominance? |
dominant gene masks recessive gene |
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What is Mendel's Law of Segregation? |
during sex cell formation these paired factors (genes) separate (segregate) into separate sex cells. |
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What is Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment? |
when two or more characteristics are inherited, individual hereditary factors assort independently during gamete production, giving different traits an equal opportunity of occurring together. |
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What are test crosses used for? |
Used to determine the genotype of an organic, who shows the dominant phenotype but their genotype is unknown. |
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How do we do a test cross? |
Cross with a homozygous recessive mate |
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What is incomplete dominance? |
Alleles are equally dominant, not dominant or recessive, and we see the appearance of a new phenotype (blending of traits) ie. white x red = pink |
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What is Codominance? |
A form of incomplete dominance (both alleles expressed in an intermingled form), both phenotypes are visible ie. white x red = red and white |
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What is a dihybrid cross? |
A cross that deals with two different genes or traits. ie. eye color & hair color |
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When an organism, has been designated Tt, it is ______? |
heterozygous |
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When a genotype of an individual is unknown and it shows the dominant phenotype, what kind of cross should be made to determine its genotype? |
test cross |
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If a pea plant shows a recessive phenotype, it can only be ________? |
tt |
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What are alleles? |
alternative forms of a gene for a single trait, such as blue or brown eyes |
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ABO blood typing, with the alleles Ia Ib and i, is an example of which type of inheritance? (2) |
codominance and dominant versus recessive traits |
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Which of Mendel's laws was best proven by dihybrid crosses? |
Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment |
