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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Gene linkage |
The tendency of alleles that are located close together on a chromosome to be inherited during meiosis |
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Crossing over |
The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes |
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Thomas Hunt Morgan |
An American evolutionary, biologist, geneticist, embryologist, and science author who won the Nobel prize |
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Sex chromosomes |
A chromosome involved with determining the sex of an organism |
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Autosomes |
A chromosome that appears in pairs whose members have the same form but different from other diploid cells |
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Polygenic inheritance |
When one characteristic is controlled by two or more genes |
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Pleiotropy |
When one gene influences two or more seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits |
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Multiple alleles |
Three or more alternate forms of a gene that can occupy the same locus |
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Antigen |
Any substance that causes your immune system to produce antibodies against it |
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Antibodies |
Large V-shaped proteins which function to identify and help remove foreign antigens |
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Sex-linked traits |
A trait associated with a gene that is carried only by the male or female parent h |
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Red green color blindness |
A form of colorblindness in which red and green are perceived as. identical |
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Genetic maps |
Describes the methods used to identify the locus of a gene and the distances between genes |
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Point mutations |
A mutation affecting only one or very few nucleotides in a gene sequence |
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Frame shift mutation |
A genetic mutation caused by indels of a number of nucleotides in a DNA sequence that is not divisible by three |
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Deletion mutations |
A mutation in which a part of a chromosome or a sequence of DNA is lost during DNA replication |
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Duplication mutations |
A major mechanism through which new genetic material is generated during molecular evolution |
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Inversion mutations |
A chromosome rearrangement in which a segment of a chromosome is reversed end to end |
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Translocation mutation |
A chromosome abnormality caused by rearrangements of parts between non homologous chromosome |
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Monosomy |
A form of aneuploidy with the presence of only one chromosome from a pair |
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Trisomy |
A condition in which an extra copy of a chromosome is present in the cells nuclei, causing development abnormalities |
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Nondisjunction |
The failure of homologous chromosomes to separate normally during nuclear division |
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Polyploidy |
Cells and organisms are those containing more than two paired sets of chromosomes |
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Amniocentesis |
The sampling of amniotic fluid using a hollow needle inserted into the uterus, to screen development abnormalities |
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Rh blood groups |
One of the 35 current human blood systems, it is most important blood group system |
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Sickle cell anemia |
Hemoglobin distorts the red blood cells into a crescent shape at low oxygen levels |
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Mutagens |
An agent, such as radiation or a chemical substance, that causes genetic mutations |
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Inducer |
Molecule that regulates gene expression, can bind to repressors or activators |
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Operon |
A unit made up of linked genes that is thought to regulate other genes responsible for protein synthesis |
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Repressor |
A substance that acts on an operon to inhibit MRNA synthesis |
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