Genetics Vocab Ch. 24 Of Pierce 3Rd Ed

Front 1

additive genetic variance

Back 1

component of the genetic variance that can be attributed to the additive effect of different genotypes

Front 2

artifical selection

Back 2

selection practiced by humans

Front 3

broad-sense heritability

Back 3

proportion of the phenotypic variance that can be attributed to genetic variance

Front 4

correlation

Back 4

degree of association between two or more variables

Front 5

correlation coefficient

Back 5

statistic that measures the degree of association between two or more variables. A correlation coefficient can range from -1 to +1. a positive value indicates a direct relation between the variables; a negative correlation indicates an inverse relation. the absolute value of the correlation coefficient provides information about the strength of association between the variables

Front 6

dominance genetic variance

Back 6

component of the genetic variance that can be aattributed to dominance (interaction between genes at the same locus)

Front 7

environmental variance

Back 7

component of the phenotypic variance that is due to environmental differences among individual members of a population

Front 8

frequency distribution

Back 8

graphical way of representing values. In genetics, usually the phenotypes found in a group of individuals are displayed as a frequency distribution. Typically, the phenotypes are plotted on the horizontal (x) axis and the numbers (or proportions) of individuals with each phenotype are plotted on teh vertical (y) axis.

Front 9

genetic correlation

Back 9

phenotypic correlation due to the same genes affecting two ro more characteristics

Front 10

genetic variance

Back 10

component of the phenotypic variance that is due to genetic differences among individual members of a population

Front 11

genetic-environmental interaction variance

Back 11

component of the phenotypic variance that results from an interaction between genotype and environment. Genotypes are expressed differently in different environments

Front 12

genic interaction variance

Back 12

component of the genetic variance that can be attributed to genic interaction (interaction between genes at different loci)

Front 13

heritability

Back 13

proportion of phenotypic variation due to genetic differences

Front 14

mean

Back 14

statistic that describes the center of a distribution of measurements; calculated by dividing the sum of all measurements by the number of measurements; also called the average

Front 15

meristic characteristic

Back 15

characteristic whose phenotype varies in whole numbers, such as number of vertebrae

Front 16

narrow-sense heritability

Back 16

proportion of the phenotypic variance that can be attributed to additive genetic variance

Front 17

natural selection

Back 17

differential reproduction of genotypes

Front 18

normal distribution

Back 18

common type of frequency distribution that exhibits a symmetrical, bell shaped curve; usually arises when a large number of independent factors contribute to the measurement

Front 19

phenotypic correlation

Back 19

correlation between two or more phenotypes in the same individual

Front 20

phenotypic variance

Back 20

measures the degree of pheotypic differences among a group of individuals; composed of genetic, environmental, and gentic-environmental interaction variances

Front 21

population

Back 21

the group of interest; often represented by a subset called a sample. Also a group of members of the same species

Front 22

quantitative genetics

Back 22

genetic analysis of complex characteristics or characterstics influenced by multiple genetic factors

Front 23

quantitative trait locus (QTL)

Back 23

a gene or chromosomal region that contributes to the expression of quantitative characteristics

Front 24

realized heritability

Back 24

narrow sense heritability measured from a response-to-selection experiment

Front 25

regression

Back 25

analysis of how one variable changes in response to another variable

Front 26

regression coefficient

Back 26

statistic that measures how much one variable changes, on average, with a unit change in another variable

Front 27

response to selection

Back 27

the amount that a characteristic changes in one generation owing to selection; equals the selection differential times the narrow-sense heritability

Front 28

sample

Back 28

subset used to describe a population

Front 29

selection differential

Back 29

difference in phenotype between the selected individuals and the average of the entire population

Front 30

standard deviation

Back 30

statistic that describes the variability of a group of measurements; the square root of the variance

Front 31

threshold characteristic

Back 31

discontinuous characteristic whose expression depends on an underlying susceptibility that varies continuously

Front 32

variance

Back 32

statistic that describes the variability of a group of measurements

Front 33

additive genetic variance

Back 33

component of the genetic variance that can be attributed to the additive effect of different genotypes

Hint 33

660

Front 34

artifical selection

Back 34

selection practiced by humans

Hint 34

667

Front 35

broad-sense heritability

Back 35

proportion of the phenotypic variance that can be attributed to genetic variance

Hint 35

660

Front 36

correlation

Back 36

degree of association between two or more variables

Hint 36

654

Front 37

correlation coefficient

Back 37

statistic that measures the degree of association between two or more variables. A correlation coefficient can range from -1 to +1. a positive value indicates a direct relation between the variables; a negative correlation indicates an inverse relation. the absolute value of the correlation coefficient provides information about the strength of association between the variables

Hint 37

654

Front 38

dominance genetic variance

Back 38

component of the genetic variance that can be aattributed to dominance (interaction between genes at the same locus)

Hint 38

660

Front 39

environmental variance

Back 39

component of the phenotypic variance that is due to environmental differences among individual members of a population

Hint 39

659

Front 40

frequency distribution

Back 40

graphical way of representing values. In genetics, usually the phenotypes found in a group of individuals are displayed as a frequency distribution. Typically, the phenotypes are plotted on the horizontal (x) axis and the numbers (or proportions) of individuals with each phenotype are plotted on teh vertical (y) axis.

Hint 40

652

Front 41

genetic correlation

Back 41

phenotypic correlation due to the same genes affecting two ro more characteristics

Hint 41

669

Front 42

genetic variance

Back 42

component of the phenotypic variance that is due to genetic differences among individual members of a population

Hint 42

659

Front 43

genetic-environmental interaction variance

Back 43

component of the phenotypic variance that results from an interaction between genotype and environment. Genotypes are expressed differently in different environments

Hint 43

659

Front 44

genic interaction variance

Back 44

component of the genetic variance that can be attributed to genic interaction (interaction between genes at different loci)

Hint 44

660

Front 45

heritability

Back 45

proportion of phenotypic variation due to genetic differences

Hint 45

659

Front 46

mean

Back 46

statistic that describes the center of a distribution of measurements; calculated by dividing the sum of all measurements by the number of measurements; also called the average

Hint 46

653

Front 47

meristic characteristic

Back 47

characteristic whose phenotype varies in whole numbers, such as number of vertebrae

Hint 47

648

Front 48

narrow-sense heritability

Back 48

proportion of the phenotypic variance that can be attributed to additive genetic variance

Hint 48

660

Front 49

natural selection

Back 49

differential reproduction of genotypes

Hint 49

666

Front 50

normal distribution

Back 50

common type of frequency distribution that exhibits a symmetrical, bell shaped curve; usually arises when a large number of independent factors contribute to the measurement

Hint 50

652

Front 51

phenotypic correlation

Back 51

correlation between two or more phenotypes in the same individual

Hint 51

669

Front 52

phenotypic variance

Back 52

measures the degree of pheotypic differences among a group of individuals; composed of genetic, environmental, and gentic-environmental interaction variances

Hint 52

659

Front 53

population

Back 53

the group of interest; often represented by a subset called a sample. Also a group of members of the same species

Hint 53

652

Front 54

quantitative genetics

Back 54

genetic analysis of complex characteristics or characterstics influenced by multiple genetic factors

Hint 54

645

Front 55

quantitative trait locus (QTL)

Back 55

a gene or chromosomal region that contributes to the expression of quantitative characteristics

Hint 55

646

Front 56

realized heritability

Back 56

narrow sense heritability measured from a response-to-selection experiment

Hint 56

668

Front 57

regression

Back 57

analysis of how one variable changes in response to another variable

Hint 57

656

Front 58

regression coefficient

Back 58

statistic that measures how much one variable changes, on average, with a unit change in another variable

Hint 58

656

Front 59

response to selection

Back 59

the amount that a characteristic changes in one generation owing to selection; equals the selection differential times the narrow-sense heritability

Hint 59

667

Front 60

sample

Back 60

subset used to describe a population

Hint 60

652

Front 61

selection differential

Back 61

difference in phenotype between the selected individuals and the average of the entire population

Hint 61

668

Front 62

standard deviation

Back 62

statistic that describes the variability of a group of measurements; the square root of the variance

Hint 62

653

Front 63

threshold characteristic

Back 63

discontinuous characteristic whose expression depends on an underlying susceptibility that varies continuously

Hint 63

648

Front 64

variance

Back 64

statistic that describes the variability of a group of measurements

Hint 64

653