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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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F1 and F2 generations
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Pure Breeding
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PPxPP or ppxpp
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Test cross
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crossing an idividual that shows the dominant phenotype but with an unknown gene combination with a homozygous recessive individual showing the trait which is being tested
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Phenotype
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The trait that is expressed
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Genotype
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The genes of an idividual Pp
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Priciple of Dominance
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Some forms of the gene are dominant others are recessive
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Law of Segregation
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Organisms have two alleles for each gene, one from each parent. these alleles segregate from each other when gamets are formed
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Law of independent assortment
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the alleles for different genes usually segregate independently of one another
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Multiple alleles
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more than two alleles exist for a trait in a population - blood type
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Polygenic inheritance
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traits that are produced by interaction of several genes - skin color
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Replication
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Copying DNA to make more DNA
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Transcription
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Copying DNA onto a strand of messenger RNA (mRNA) so it can leave the cell
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translation
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taking information from mRNA to a protein (mRNA----tRNA----protein)
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Nucleotide
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a subunit of genetic material (rungs of a the ladder)
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Chargaffs rule
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in any given DNA the percent of A=T , and G=C
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semi conservative Replication
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Half is the original, half is a new copy
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Codon
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the triplet code group sequence of bases on an mRNA strand
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Anticodon
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on the tip of tRNA . complementary set of bases that pair with the codon, specific to a particular amino acid carried of the tRNA
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Compementary base pairing
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Adenine to thymine , Cytosine to Guanine - in DNA
Adenine to Uriacil , Cytosine to Guanine - in RNA |
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Promoter
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The region of DNA where RNA polymerase attaches
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Operon
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the sequence of promoter region ,operater, and multiple genes
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Introns
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genetic garbage, intervening sequences on DNA
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Exons
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The segments that are transcribed and translated, "expressed sequences"
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Ribozymes
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RNA that functions like an enzyme
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