Genetics Test Two

Front 1

Multifactorial

Back 1

traits determined by 2 or more factors, including multiple genes interacting with each other or one or more genes interacting with the environment

Front 2

incomplete dominance

Back 2

hybrid does not resemble either parent, show an intermediate phenotype (Red plus white yields gray)

Front 3

Codominant

Back 3

both traits show up equally in the heterozygotes phenotype (like poke-a-dotted)

Front 4

multiple alleles

Back 4

when genes show have more than two alleles; ie blood types A, B, AB, O

Front 5

dominance series

Back 5

reciprocal crosses between pairs of pure breeding lines of all patterns show this in which all alleles are listed from most dominant to most recessive

Front 6

mutations

Back 6

chance alternations of the genetic material; once occured in gamete-producing cells are faithfully reproduces

Front 7

allele frequency

Back 7

each allele of genes accounts for a percentage of gene copies, the allele frequency is that percentage

Front 8

wild-type allele

Back 8

an allele whose frequency is greater than 1%

Front 9

mutant allele

Back 9

an allele whose frequency is less than 1%

Front 10

monomorphic

Back 10

a gene with only one wild type allele

Front 11

polymorphic

Back 11

genes with more than one wild-type allele

Front 12

pleitropy

Back 12

the phenomenon of a single gene determining a # of distinct and seemingly unrelated characteristics; ie coat colors

Front 13

recessive lethal allele

Back 13

an allele that negatively affects the survival of a homozygote; usually remain "silent"

Front 14

genotypic classes

Back 14

classes which are defined in terms of the presence or absence of dominant alleles of 2 genes

Front 15

complementary gene action

Back 15

when 2 genes work in tandem to produce a particular trait

Front 16

epistasis

Back 16

a gene interaction in which the effects of an allele at one gene hide the effects of an allele at another gene

Front 17

epistatic

Back 17

the gene that is being masked is _______ to the gene that is being masked

Front 18

recessive epistasis

Back 18

speical case of epistasis in which the allele causing the epistasis is recessive

Front 19

dominant epistasis

Back 19

a case of epistasis when the dominant allele of one gene hides the effects of another gene

Front 20

heterogeneous trait

Back 20

a mutation at any one of a # of genes gives rise to the same phenotype