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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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DNA sequences that bind proteins to control the transcription of a gene in a particular cell or tissue
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enhancers
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proteins that bind to enhancers that increase transcrip
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activators
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proteins that bind to enhancers that decrease transcrip
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repressors
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proteins that bind to enhancers that ben dDNA
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architectural
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DNA sequence that provide a negative form of regulation
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silencers
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true or false- enhancers & silencers have to be right next to gene to alter transcription
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false- they can be downstream or upstream over long distances
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DNA elements that shield a gene from the effects of a neighboring enhancer/silencer
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insulator
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can myc bind with itself?
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no- has to form myc-max heterodimer which activates transcription
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___ factors are proteins that have the ability to diffuse thru the cell to reach their targets (DNA seq. or other proteins_
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trans-acting
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how do miRNAs regulate translation?
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- cleavage of corresponding mRNA
- by base-paring w/ the mRNA to block translation |
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what enzyme cuts any DNA sequence that is accessible to the enzyme
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DNase i
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are acetylated or deacetylated histones associated with transcribed genes
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acetylated histones
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where are acetyl groups added onto histones
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amino-terminal lysines are added to histones H3 & H4
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HAT-B adds acetyl groups to H3 & H4 where in the cell
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in cytoplasm
- then move into nucleus |
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what can methylation of histones do
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activate or repress transcription
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methylation of lysine-4 on histone H3 ___ transcription
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enhances
- it inhibits HDAC from binding - inhibits lysine-9 to be methylated on H3, which reduces transcription |
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where are many CpG islands located on DNA
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located near promoters on eukaryotic genes- places them in an ideal location to regulate transcription
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what is the differential expression of the alleles at a locus depending on which parent contributed the gene
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imprinting
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the effect that results from an environmentally induced change in the genetic material that doesn't cause a change in the DNA sequence
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epigenetics
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what is the ratio for imprinting
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1:1
- maternal allele is silenced in all offspring |
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imprinting means what done to DNA
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methylation
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what is a prerequisite for the binding of RNA polymerase II to the promoter region
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preinitiation complex- PIC
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what is a group of genes that are co-transcribed from the same promoter on a single polycistronic mRNA
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operon
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what contains genes encoding enzymes for lactose catabolism
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lac operon
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natural inducer for lac operon
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allolactose
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what are partial diploids called
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merodiploids
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mutation so that repressor cannot bind to it
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lacOc (cis)
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mutation that renders this unable to bind to DNA of operator sequence
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I- (trans)
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what elements of proximal-promoter elements regulate amount of transcription
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generic elements
- GC box, TATA box, etc |
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what elements of proximal-promoter elements bind to specific tissues or cells
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cell or tissue specific elements
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`what proteins bend DNA, which brings additional enhancer sequences & their bound proteins close to the promoter
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architectural proteins
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silencers are ___ and ____
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global & gene-specific
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