Genetics Test 3

Front 1

RNA Structure

Back 1

- sugar = ribose

- phosphate group

- single stranded

- phosphodiester bonds

- A+G = purines

- U+C = pyridines

Front 2

Why is it important that RNA has ribose instead of deoxyribose sugar?

Back 2

ribose sugar leaves an open hydroxyl (OH) group on the 2’-carbon atom making RNA more reactive and less stable than DNA

Front 3

Why is it important that RNA is single stranded?

Back 3

RNA can make different structures with itself and complimentary base pairing with itself

Front 4

Purines

Back 4

- A+G

- 2 ring structure

Front 5

Pyrimadine

Back 5

- T or U + C

- single ring structure

Front 6

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Back 6

- in cytoplasm

- P+E

- structural and functional components of RNA

Front 7

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Back 7

- in cytoplasm and nucleus

- P+E

- carries genetic code for proteins

Front 8

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Back 8

- in cytoplasm

- P+E

- helps add amino acids to chain

Front 9

Transcription (Definition)

Back 9

making an RNA strand using a DNA template

Front 10

What is needed for transcription to occur?

Back 10

1. DNA template

2. Raw materials for making RNA

3. Transcription apparatus with proteins needed to catalyze RNA synthesis

Front 11

Template Strand

Back 11

- DNA strand that is anti-parallel and complimentary to the RNA strand

Front 12

Non-Template Strand

Back 12

- has the same sequence as the RNA strand

Front 13

RNA Synthesis

Back 13

1. Have a template that is complimentary and anti-parallel of the RNA strand

2. New nucleotides are added to the 3’ OH group of the RNA

3. Does not need a primer

4. Moves 5’ -> 3’

Front 14

Promoter

Back 14

Part of the gene

1. Sequence of DNA that is right before (UPSTREAM) of the start site

2. Where the transcription apparatus binds

3. Not included in the transcribed RNA

4. Tells which strand is template and non-template

5. Decides the direction of transcription

6. Decides the start site of transcription

Front 15

RNA Coding Region

Back 15

section of DNA that is transcribed into RNA

Front 16

Terminator

Back 16

Part of the Gene in Transcription

1. Tells where transcription ends

2. Included in the transcribed RNA

3. + = upstream (before) and - = downstream (after start)

4. +1 = transcription start site

Front 17

Bacterial Initiation (simple definition)

Back 17

The transcription apparatus forms and begins synthesizing RNA

Front 18

Bacterial Elongation (simple definition)

Back 18

DNA is unwound by RNA polymerase and adds new nucleotides to the RNA strand

Front 19

Bacterial Termination (simple definition)

Back 19

RNA polymerase recognizes the termination unit and separates from the DNA template

Front 20

Steps of bacterial transcription

Back 20

1. Initiation

2. Elongation

3. Termination