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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Are genes composed of DNA or protein?
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Both
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Only four different subunits make up?
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DNA
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What has 20 different subunits which allows for greater potential variety of combinations?
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Protein
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What transformation implicates DNA as the substance of genes?
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Bacterial Transformation
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In 1928 who experimented with smooth (S), virulent strain Streptococcus Pneumoniae, and rough (R) nonvirulent strain
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Frederick Griffith
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What transformation demonstrates transfer of genetic material?
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Bacterial Transformation
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In 1944- What did Oswald Avery, Colin Macleod, and Maclyn McCarty- Determine?
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That DNA is the transformation material
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What is the transforming material?
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Nucleic Acid
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In 1952- Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase provided convincing evidence of what?
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That DNA is genetic material
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What did Hershey and Chases Warning blender experiment use?
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T2 bacteriophage and bacteria
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What are the radioactive labels for DNA and Protein?
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DNA(32P) and Protein (35S)
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The Watson- Crick Model Structured DNA as a?
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Double Helix
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In 1951 Who learned about x- ray diffraction patterns projected by DNA?
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James Watson
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The chemical structure of DNA consists os?
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(Deoxyribose sugar, phosphate, and nitrogenous base)
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Erin Chargaff's experiments demonstrate that ratio of?
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A and T are 1:1, and G and C are 1:1
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1953- What did James Watson and Francis crick propose?
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Their double helix model of DNA structure
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Who was an X-ray crystallographer, who's unpublished data provided crucial to W-C for solving the structure of DNA
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Rosalind Franklin
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What did Chargaff's Rule do?
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Disproved the tetranucleotide hypothesis of 1:1:1:1 (Proved to be critical for the development of Watson and Crick's model of the DNA helix)
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Chargaff's Rule has a 1:1 ratio of what?
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Purines to Pyrimidines
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What are the 3 components of nucleic acids?
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Phosphate, Sugar, and Nitrogenous Base
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What are the basic building blocks of nucleic acids?
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Nucleotides
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Nucleotides can be linked to form?
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DNA
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What is the base- pairing of DNA?
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A-T(2 H-bonds) and G-C(3 H- bonds)
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What is a hydrogen bond?
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A very Weak electrostatic attraction between a covalently- bonded hydrogen atom and an atom with an unshared electron pair
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Hydrogen atoms assume what type of charge?
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Partial Positive Charge
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The unshared electron pair assumes what charge?
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Partial Negative Charge
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What are responsible for the weak chemical attraction in a hydrogen bond?
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Opposite Charges
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In large numbers, what type of bonds can provide great stability to the double helix?
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Weak Hydrogen Bonds
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The nitrogenous bases of the helix are?
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Hydrophobic
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Having Nitrogenous bases located on the interior of the DNA helix does what?
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Protect them from water
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Where are the hydrophillic phosphate and sugar groups of DNA located? This allows them to?
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In the interior of the DNA helix, Interact with the water
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B DNA is an example of?
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Right Handed DNA
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Z DNA is an example of?
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Left Handed DNA
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What type of molecules DNA are circular instead of linear?
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Prokaryotes, Mitochondria, Chloroplasts, and Viruses
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Bacteriophages carry what type of DNA?
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Single- stranded DNA
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What is a type of virus that carries DNA?
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AIDs
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What are the four requirements for DNA to be genetic material?
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Must Carry Information, Must Replicate, Must Allow for Information to Change, and Must govern the Expression of the phenotype
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DNA must carry information which requires?
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Cracking the genetic code
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DNA must replicate also known as?
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DNA replication
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How does information change in DNA?
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Mutation
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How does DNA govern the expression of the phenotype?
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Gene Function
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