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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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the process that creates an identical copy of the DNA
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replication
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the process that creates a strand of mRNA?
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transcription
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of the process that uses the mRNA to make a protein polymer
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translation
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What is a nucleotide made of
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sugar, phosphate group and nitrogen base
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Which nucleotides bond together with Adenosine in DNA?
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Thymine
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Which nucleotides bond together with Cytosine in DNA
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Guanine
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Why does DNA have to un-zip before it can be copied?
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it must be open so new bases can pair
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Which bonds must be broken before DNA can un-zip?
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the bonds between paired nitrogen bases
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What are the steps in DNA replication?
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un-coiling, un-zipping, nucleotide pairing, C-T, G-C
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What nucleotide is not in DNA and is present RNA?
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Uracil
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Where does transcription take place?
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nucleus
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Once the mRNA is made where does it go?
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ribosome
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What are the triplet pairs in mRNA called?
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codon
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What does the process of translation do?
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make a specific protein
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What is attached to each tRNA triplet code?
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an amino acid
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How many protein molecules and be made with a single strand of mRNA?
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it can be used over and over until the cell has the amount of protein it needs
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What is a protein?
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It is a long chain of amino acids.
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What is an enzyme?
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They are a type of protein that controls chemical reactions.
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When translation occurs what nucleotides are involved?
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Uracil, Cytosine, Guanine, Adenine
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Transcribe C T A G G A T
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G A T C C T A
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Translate the following strand of mRNA codons AAU
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UUA
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What is the shape of the DNA molecule?
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Double Helix
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Which 2 molecules bond to form the sides of the double helix?
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sugar and phosphate
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List the 6 things that make up DNA
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sugar, phosphate, adnine, guanine, cytocine and thymine
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Who created the double helix model of DNA?
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James Watson and Francis Crick
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What is a mutation?
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Any abnormalities in the DNA.
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What is the process by which a DNA molecule is copied.
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replication
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What is a mutagen?
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any substances that can change the DNA
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List 4 mutagens
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x-rays
Chemical exposure ultraviolet light radioactivity |
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What is a chromosomal mutation?
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parts of chromosomes are broken off and lost during mitosis or meiosis,
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translation
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process of converting RNA code into an amino acid sequence
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frameshift mutation
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a nucleotide is added or removed from a DNA molecule
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point mutation
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A change in a single base pair of the DNA molecule that affects the synthesis of an entire protein
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tRNA
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brings amino acids to the ribosomes for the assembly of proteins.
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codon
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set of three nitrogen bases representing an amino acid
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replication
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DNA makes a copy of itself
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nitrogen bases
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Thymine, adenine, guanine, and cytosine
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During the process of transcription, DNA serves as the template for making
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mRNA
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RNA
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ribonucleic acid
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What is the difference between mRNA and tRNA?
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mRNA carries the code (message) from the DNA to the ribosomes.
tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosome to make proteins |
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Describe the process of replication.
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Uncoil
unzip - nucleotides break free nucleotides attach Each DNA molecules has a strand from the original DNA and one new strand. |
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inversion
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the DNA code is inverted
EX: ATTCGT changes to ATTGCT |
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translocation
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part of a chromosome pair is moved and attaches to a different chromosome
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deletion
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one or more nucleotides that make up the DNA code are missing
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