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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the name given to the group of chemical building blocks from which DNA is made?
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the name given to the group of chemical building blocks from which DNA is made are called nucleotides.
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outline the structure of these building blocks
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each nucleotide contains a phosphate group, a five carbon sugar and one of the four nitrogen containing bases, Adenine Guanine Thymine Cytosine
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Name the four bases in DNA and describe their pairing relationships
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Adenine pairs with Thymine
Guanine pairs with Cytosine |
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In the 'ladder' of DNA what are rungs and uprights?
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the uprights of this ladder are formed by the alternating phosphate sugar molecules
the rungs of the ladder are formed by the bases and the hydrogen bonds that hold them together. |
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Describe the relationship between Genes DNA and chromosomes.
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Chromosomes are the largest of these and is found in the nucleus of a cell, these chromosomes are inherited equally from the parents and there is a total of 46 in humans, these chromosomes are made up of tightly coiled DNA, this DNA codes for for an amino acid to be made which in turn is a building block for a for gene
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The strand G G T A C T C C G is a DNA strand write down its complementary base strand
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C C A T G A G G C
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describe the sequence when a DNA replicates
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DNA is passes from one cell to another through mitosis or meiosis. DNA replication involves synthesizing new DNA during interphase. During DNA replication each strand of a parental DNA molecule acts as a template strand on which a new strand is synthesized. A polynucleotide chain is built up during replication by adding complementary nucleotide units. the the old strand unzips from each other a new strand is synthesized against each old strand the enzyme DNA polymerase is responsible for DNA synthesis.
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What is DNA polymearse and what is its role
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DNA polymearse is a enzyme responsible for DNA synthesis. it adds the correct nucleotides to the end of the growing strands.
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Why cant uncomplementary pairs bond like adenine pair with guanine
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they cant because firstly when Adenine and Thymine bond they had two hydrogen bonds and when Guanine and Cytosine bond they have 3 hydrogen bonds however if Thymine and Guanine were to bond for example there would only be 1 and this is not strong enough to hold it together. Secondly the width of DNA is known to be 2nm wide and if Guanine Adenine were to bond it would be too wide and if Thymine and Cytosine were to bond it would be too narrow.
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How is mRNA translated into a protein?
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Initially triplets on the DNA are turned into codons on the mRNA then translating the code into an actual protein chain is complicated by the fact that individual amino acids won't interact with the mRNA instead the mRNA needs to be tRNA. this is converted through a ribosome
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