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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Where is DNA found?
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In the nucleus
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Where is tRNA found?
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In the cytoplasm
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Where is mRNA found?
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Both in nucleus and cytoplasm
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Gene =
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Part of a DNA molecule that codes for a specific trait
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Probability =
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The mathematical chance that an event will occur
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What is the probability of rolling a 6 on a dice?
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1/6
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What is the probability of rolling a 3 on a dice?
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1/6
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What is the probability of rolling a 3 or a 6?
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1/3 (1/6 + 1/6 - add probability of each event)
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Alleles =
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The different forms of a gene. Alleles occupy the position on chromosomes.
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Dominant trait =
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A trait expressed preferentially over another trait. Capital Letter
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Recessive trait.
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The opposite of dominant. A trait that is masked if paired with dominant gene. Lower case letter
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Heterozygous =
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Differing alleles for a trait in an individual, such as Yy.
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Homozygous =
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Both alleles for a trait are the same in an individual. They can be homozygous dominant (YY), or homozygous recessive (yy).
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Hybrid =
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heterozygous; Yy
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Genotype =
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The genetic makeup of an organism for a trait. Yy
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Phenotype =
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The physical appearance of an organism with respect to a trait, i.e. yellow (Y) or green (y) seeds in garden peas.
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TT Tt tt – which are homozygous?
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TT tt
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TT Tt tt – which are heterozygous?
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Tt
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TT Tt tt -Which genotypes will express the dominant trait?
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TT Tt
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TT Tt tt – Which genotypes will express the recessive trait?
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tt
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TT Tt tt – which is hybrid?
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Tt
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Is brown hair a genotype or phenotype?
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Phenotype
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Is Bb a genotype or phenotype?
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Genotype
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Autosomal Gene or Trait =
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Trait on on any chromosome but a sex chromosome. Not sex-linked.
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Co-dominant alleles =
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Two different alleles are responsible for different phenotypes, and both alleles affect the phenotype of the heterozygote. Example: Blood Types
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F1 generation =
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Offspring of a cross between true breeding plants (P generation), homozygous for the trait
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F2 generation =
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Offspring of a cross involving the F1 generation.
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Incomplete dominance =
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Intermediate phenotype, get blended appearance in hybrids. Red flowers x white flowers = pink flowers
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Mendel's law of independent assortment of alleles =
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Alleles of different genes are assorted independently of one another during the formation of gametes.
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Mendel's law of segregation
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Alleles segregate from one another during the formation of gametes.
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Mutation =
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Change in the DNA sequence of a gene
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Sex chromosomes =
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Pair of chromosomes that determines the sex of the off-spring.
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sex-linked gene or trait =
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A gene coded on a sex chromosome, such as the X-chromosome linked genes of flies and man.
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