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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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POPULATION GENETICS |
..branch of genetics that studies the genetic make-up of groups of indidividuals and how group's genetic composition changes with time ..almost all organism exhibits variation in phenotype |
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FREQUENCY |
a proportion or percentage usually expressed as a decimal or a fraction |
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OVERPRODUCTION |
every species tend to produce more individuals than can survive to maturity |
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VARIATION |
the individual of a population have many characteristics that differ |
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SELECTION |
some individuals survive longer and reproduce more than others do |
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ADAPTATION |
the traits of those individuals that survive and reproduce will become more common in a population |
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HEMIZYGOUS |
..a chromosome in a diploid organism where only one copy is present ..the cell or organism is called HEMIZYGOTE |
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HEMIZYGOSITY |
observed when one copy of a gene is deleted, or in the heterogametic sex when gene is located on a sex chromosome |
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Hardy-Weinberg Law |
mathematical model that evaluates the effect of reproduction on the genotypic and allelic frequencies of a population |
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Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium |
when genotypes are in the expected proportions of p^2, 2pq, and q^2 |
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POSITIVE ASSORTATIVE MATING |
tendency for like individuals to mate |
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NEGATIVE ASSORTATIVE MATING |
Tendency for unlike indiviuals to mate |
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INBREEDING |
preferential mating between related individuals |
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OUTCROSSING |
mating of unrelated individuals |
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MUTATION |
..influence the rate at which one genetic variant increases at the expense of another ..the allelic frequency change with the passage of time because some alleles mutate into another |
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MIGRATION / GENE FLOW |
..results in influx of gene from other populations
..it prevents populations from becombing genetically different from one another
..it increases genetic variation within population's |
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FOUNDER EFFECT |
due to establishment of a population by a small number of individuals |
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GENETIC BOTTLE NECK |
develops when a population undergoes drastic reduction in population |
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NATURAL SELECTION |
individuals with adaptive traits produce a greater number of offspring than that produced by other in the population promotes adaptation |
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DIRECTIONAL SELECTION |
one allele or one trait is favored over another |
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OVERDOMINANCE |
heterozygote advantage |
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UNDERDOMINANCE |
heterozygote has lower fitness |
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DIRECTIONAL SELECTION |
a single phenotype is favored, causing the allele frequency to continuously shift in one direction |
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DISRUPTIVE SELECTION |
..or diversifying selection ..extreme values for a trait are favored over intermediate values |
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STABILIZING SELECTION |
genetic diversisty decreases as the population stabilizes on a particular trait value |
