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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cell Transformation |
Cell loses ability to remain constrained |
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Benign Tumor |
Transformed cells stay together in a mass. Not life threatening. |
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Contact Inhibition |
Process whereby cells in contact communicate with one another and cell division is stopped. Transformed cells do not exhibit. |
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Malignant Tumor |
Cells of a tumor can invade and disrupt surrounding tissues. Cancer. Metastasis occurs when malignant tumor cells break off and flow to another tissue in the body and attach and grow. |
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Checkpoints |
Control points during the cell cycle at which the cell is arrested if there is damage to the genome or cell cycle machinery. |
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Cyclins and Cyclin-Dependent Kinases |
Proteins (Cyclins) and Enzymes (CDKs) are key components to the regulatory events that occur at checkpoints. When the two combine, they form a complex that catalyzes series of phosphorylations of cell cycle proteins, thus moving the cell into S phase and mitosis (depending on position). G2 Cyclin at G2-M, G1 Cyclin at G1-S. |
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3 Main Classes of Genes Altered in Cancer |
Proto-oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, mutator genes. |
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Signal Transduction |
Process of relaying a growth-stimulatory or growth-inhibitory signal after an extracellular factor binds to the cell. Normal cells give rise to progeny cells when signals favor cell division. |
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Oncogene |
Gene whose action stimulates unregulated cell proliferation. Mutations of photo-oncogenes turn into oncogenes. Types of mutations that cause: Point, deletion, gene amplification. Porto-oncs code for Growth Factors, Protein Kinases, and Membrane Associated G Proteins. |
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Tumor Suppressors |
Normal cells contain gene products that have ability to suppress the uncontrolled cell proliferation of cancer cells. Mutations of tumor suppressors are recessive-cancer can only happen if both alleles are inactive. |
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TP53 |
Tumor suppressor gene, p53 is tumor suppression protein and transcription factor. In a normal cell, attaches to Mdm2 (bc they're unphosphorylated) and levels of p53 are low. p53 increases if there's damage to the cell and p53 leads to arrest of cell. Explain process if DNA is damaged. |
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Mutator Gene |
Any gene that when mutated, increases the spontaneous mutation frequencies in other genes. Mut H, Mut L, Mut S. |
