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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does Human Papiloma virus do?
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blocks p53
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What is a oncogene retrovirus?
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reverse transcribes itself into dna
inserts itself into host cell takes over host cell machinery even picks up things from host cell genes have to kill it to get rid of it |
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How could a mutation of a growth factor arise/
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could be a mut of the growth factor itself (structural) or of regulation of the growth factor (ie. promoter)
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how does a chromosomal translocation result in cancer?
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gets translocated to a place where it gets overexpressed
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What happens in chronic myelogeneous leukemia?
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chromosomal translocation:
splices a protein in the middle - brings half of 1 gene and half of another gene together. produces BCR-abl kinase, whcih transduces a signal which drives malignant transformation. |
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What is multistage carcinogenesis?
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Cell acquires a mutation -- allows it to acquire more and more mutations, ability to proliferate more, ability to invade, etc
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why do tumor cells rapidly acquire resistance to chemotherapy?
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love to mutate
chemo selects for the most resistent cells |
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What is a purpose of a colonoscopy?
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can see tumor at various stages, compare with corresponding mutations
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What are familial cancer syndromes?
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inherited mutations of tumor suppressor gene
very rare! |
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What is the two hit model?
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Inherit 1 allele mutation of tumor suppressor gene. Acquire the other mutation through life (loss of good gene)
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2 hit model
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1 germline mutation
1 somatic mutation |
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Why do familial cancer syndromes eventually behave as autosomal dominants?
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Because the risk of getting that 2nd mutation is so high.
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What is retinoblastoma?
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autosomal dominant
mutation of Rb gene tumor at back of eye if baby presents <1 year age - then probably germline mutation bilateral syndrome (in both eyes) - prob germline mutation |
