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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Heredity
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Heredity is the transmission of genetic information from one generation ,to the next.
A generation is from when you when you are born, to when you reproduce. |
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Phenotypic Character
Phenotypic Trait |
A phenotype is any observable characteristic or trait of an organism
A heritable physical feature that varies from person to person, that is observable.) An eye is an example of character. or hair. Phenotypic trait is a distinct variant of a phenotypic character of an organism that may be inherited, environmentally determined or somewhere in between. Example : Color(Trait) of eye(character) |
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Heredity
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Heredity is the passing of genetic information through different generations
Generations are from when you are born to when you reproduce. |
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Mendel's Experiment
-What was the P Generation? -What was the F1 Generation? What allele pair did it create? -What was the F2 Generation? What allele pairs did it create, genotype ratio and phenotype ratio |
-The parental generation : He worked with two true bred (pure) pea plants, one purple on white
-The F1 Generation : The pure bred were cross polinated, producing hybrids resulting in all purple pea plants, all of which where heterozygote (Pp) -F2 Generation : When the hybrids reproduce, they produce 3:1 (Purple to White) and 1:2:1 (PP:Pp:pp) Mendel performed many experiments in which he tracked the inheritance of characters |
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Alleles
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There are alternative versions of genes, the units that determine heritable traits.
Example : The gene that determines flower color exists in one form for purple and one form for white. The alternative forms of a gene. |
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Homozygous, Heterozygous
What is Homozygous, what are some variations? What is Heterozygous? |
For each inherited character, an organism has two alleles. These alleles may be the same or different.
An organism that has two different alleles is Heterozygous, whichever is dominant, will be the allele that is displayed. An organism that has two of the same alleles is Homozygous -Either homozygous reccesive (xx) or dominant (XX) |
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Dominance
-What is a dominant allele? What does it mask? -What is a recessive allele? |
If the two alleles of an inherited pair differ then one determines the organism's appearance and is called the dominant allele.
The other allele has no noticable appearence and is masked . |
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Law of Segregation
-What does this state -How does it relate to Meiosis |
The law of segregation refers to the splitting of an allele (homologous chromosomes)During meiosis, each gamete is given one pair of alleles ,so that upon fertilization gametes fuse and restore the allele pair.
-Mendels law of Segregation has physical basis in Anaphase 1, where homologous chromosomes seperate |
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Law of Independent Assortment
-What does this state -How is it related to Meiosis |
Each pair of alleles assorts independetly of the other pairs of alleles during gamete formation
Aka The inhertiance of one character has no effect on the inheritance of another character -Mendels law of independent assortment has physical basis in the orientation of homologous chromosomes along the metaphase plate, in metaphase 1 |
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Pleitropy
-What is a Pleitropy |
A Single gene contributing to many traits.
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Incomplete Dominance
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A heterozygous condition in which both alleles at a gene locus are partially expressed, often producing an intermediate phenotype.
A combination of both alleles, they don't work together, they just make their own unique phenotype. Example : PP (Purple) + pp (White) = 2 Pp(Pink), 1 PP (Purple) and 1 (pp) white |
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Codominance
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A condition in which both alleles of a gene pair in a heterozygote are fully expressed, with neither one being dominant or recessive to the other
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Blood Type A (phenotype) results from what genotype, and has what glycolipids on it's surface
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Genotype AO, or AB
A Glycolipids |
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Blood Type B (phenotype) results from what genotype, and has what glycolipids on it's surface?
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BB or BO
B Glycolipids |
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AB results from what genotype, and has what glycolipids on it's surface
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Genotype AB
Glycolipids : AB Also a universal acceptor, can take anyones blood. |
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Phenotype O results from what genotype, and has what glycolipids on it's surface
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Genotype : OO
Glycolipids : None! Also a universal donor, can give anyone blood. |
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Polygenic Traits
-What is this |
A trait that is governed by many alleles
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Nature vs Nurture
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Nature is your genome, you cannot change it. What can change you is the environment you are in, Nurture. Nurture may influence behavioral and physical characteristics.
In the case of some plants, the soil dictates their color. Acid = Pink Base = Blue Jail = Punishment Rehabilitation Get out of society |
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Who was Gregor Mendel
-What years did his life span from/to -How long did he work on peas for -What was his research rediscovered? |
He lived from 1822-1884
-He worked on peas from 1856-1863 -His work was rediscovered in 1920 |
